Kinetic Model of Matter Flashcards
Physical properties of Solids
-Fixed shape and volume
-Usually hard and rigid
-High density
-Incompressible
Physical properties of Liquids
-Fixed volume but no fixed shape
-High density
-Not easily compressible
-Assumes shape of container
Physical properties of Gases
-No fixed shape and volume
-Low density
-Highly compressible
-Assumes shape of container
What is the kinetic model of matter
The kinetic model of matter states that the tiny particles that make up matter are always in continuous motion
Distance between molecules (Solids, liquids, gases)
Solids - Packed very closely together
Liquids - Packed closely together
Gases - Far apart
Forces of attraction (Solids, liquids, gases)
Solids - Strong intermolecular forces of attraction
Liquids - Strong intermolecular forces of attraction
Gases - Weak intermolecular forces of attraction
Motion (Solids, liquids, gases)
Solids - Vibrating about fixed positions
Liquids - Slide past one another
Gases - Random and at high speeds
Arrangement (Solids, liquids, gases)
Solids - Regular
Liquids - Random in the liquid
Gases - Random
What is Brownian motion
It refers to the random motion of particles, due to the particles moving about randomly and bombarding the suspended particles
When temperature increases, particles move (faster/slower)
Faster
When temperature decreases, particles move (faster/slower)
Slower
As temperature increases, Kinetic energy (Increases/decreases)
Increases
Effects of temperature on Brownian motion (skip to ans)
Temperature of air increases -> Average speed of air molecules
-> Impact of air molecules on smoke particles increases -> Smoke particles move faster and change direction more frequently
What is gas pressure
It is the force exerted per unit area (on a container)
Pressure-Temperature relationship of a gas
-When temperature increases, the molecules gain kinetic energy and hence gain speed
-The air molecules will bombard the walls of the container more forcefully and frequently
-This increases force of molecule on wall
-Therefore, gas pressure inside the container increases
Volume-Temperature relationship of a gas
-Same as pressure-temperature relationship
-Since internal gas pressure is greater than external gas pressure, force on inner portion is greater than outer portion of container
-Therefore, there is an outward resultant force resulting in outward motion of container wall
Volume-Temperature relationship of a gas (gas container)
-Same as volume-temperature relationship of gas
-Since volume of container increases, there is a decrease in the number of molecules per unit volume
-Molecules hit walls of container less frequently
-This decreases force on inner portion of container
-When internal pressure and external pressure is the same, container wall will stop moving
Pressure-Volume relationship of a gas
-When the volume of the gas decreases, the number of air molecules per unit volume increases
-The air molecules will therefore bombard the walls of the container more frequently
-This causes an increase in the force exerted on the walls of the container, and hence an increase in gas pressure
