Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy Test Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
Kinetic Energy
A
- The energy of an object due to its motion and position. Usually used to describe a large object.
- The larger an object is, the more kinetic energy it has.
2
Q
Mechanical Energy
A
- the energy of an object due to its motion and position
- usually used to describe large objects
- It is the sum of kinetic and potential energy
3
Q
Non-Mechanical Energy
A
- the energy of an object that is NOT due to its motion or position
- usually used to describe an object at it’s atomic level
- Ex: Electrical energy, chemical energy, thermal energy, sound energy
4
Q
Mass
A
- The larger the mass, the more energy is needed to move an object
- The heavier the object is, the more GPE the object has
5
Q
Velocity
A
- velocity is another way to measure motion.
- velocity is the speed of an object with direction
6
Q
Potential Energy
A
- Potential energy is energy stored in an object due to the object’s position
7
Q
Gravitational Potential Energy
A
- Gravitational potential energy is due to elevated positions
- Gravitational potential energy is used at a later time to cause an object to move
- Once a person steps off a diving board, the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and the person falls (moves)
8
Q
Gravitational Acceleration
A
- The free fall acceleration of an object in vacuum without any drag
- This is the steady gain in speed caused exclusively by the force of gravitational attraction
9
Q
Height
A
- The higher the object is off the ground, the more GPE the object has
10
Q
GPE equation + KE equation
A
- GPE = mgh
GPE = (kg)(9.8 m/s) (m) - KE = ½ mv2
(Kinetic E: (0.5) (mass) (v x v)
11
Q
Elastic Potential Energy
A
The more elastic a material is, the more elastic potential energy the object has
12
Q
Relaxed State
A
- When an object has no potential energy in it. it is neither stretched nor compressed.
- No EPE stored
13
Q
Stretching
A
Stretching a spring is caused when the object is pulled, increasing the length of the object compared to the relaxed length
14
Q
Compressing
A
- The larger the distance the elastic material is stretched or compressed the more EPE it has.
- Compressing an object is caused when it’s squeezed. This causes a decrease in the length of the object compared to the relaxed length
15
Q
Positive work
A
- if an object moves in the same direction as the direction of the force applied to it, the energy of the system is increased.
- work is greater than the object
- w > 0
16
Q
Negative Work
A
- If an object moves in the direction opposite to the direction of the force applied to it, then the work is negative. The energy of the system is reduced.
- w < 0
17
Q
Zero Work
A
- if an object does not move. even when there is force applied to it, then no work is being done on the object.
- w = 0 j
18
Q
Work Equation
A
- w = e ⁱⁿⁱᵗⁱᵃˡ - e ᶠⁱⁿᵃˡ
- 1 joule = 1 newton-meter
19
Q
Energy production from sun
A
- Solar energy that is produced when photons that are contained in sunlight are absorbed by specially designed plates that are angled towards the sun.
- When the photons hit the solar panels, charged particles are free to move which causes a current to be produced. This current is converted to usable energy by the home.
- Solar energy is converted to electrical energy
20
Q
Energy production from wind
A
- Wind is a renewable energy resource that is used for energy, such as in the Alta Wind Energy Center in California, the world’s largest wind farm.
- As the wind blows past the blades of the turbine, the wind is transferred. Inside the column of the turbine, there is a drive shaft which is connected to a generator.
- As the blades spin, it spins the drive shaft that is connected to a generator. The kinetic energy (mechanical energy) turns into electric energy!
21
Q
Energy production from water
A
- Water is a renewable resource that can be used to create electricity such as the Hoover Dam.
- When the water is released downward towards a turbine, the GPE is converted to kinetic energy and spins the turbine.
- The turbine is connected to a generator that converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy
22
Q
Energy production from fossil fuels
A
- Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy resource that can be used to produce electricity when it is burned.
- Fossil fuels include: natural gas, oil, and coal (shown to the right).
- When the fuel is burned, the heat turns water into steam which turns the blades of a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator that converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy
