Kinetic Energy and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Question 1

what do intermolecular forces in solids and liquids do?

Answer 1

pulls the particles together, making them more attracted to each other depending on the strength of the force

Question 2

what does kinetic energy in solids and liquids do?

Answer 2

keeps the particles at a distance and moving around

Question 3

Kinetic energy is dependent on the ____ of the substance

Answer 3

temperature

Question 4

Liquids have ____ volume but _____ shape

Answer 4

definite, no definite

Question 5

Explain the particle behavior that makes liquids flow and assume the shape of the container

Answer 5

liquid particles are held together by strong intermolecular forces but not strong enough to keep them in a fixed position

kinetic energy is what makes them slide over and against eachother

Question 6

Solids have ____ volume and _____ shape

Answer 6

definite, definite

Question 7

atomic/ionic radius: increase/decrease in size across a period

Answer 7

related to the effective nuclear charge which pulls electrons towards the center of an atom

Question 8

the repulsion between/among electrons in the lower energy levels that pushes the electrons in the outer shell away from the nucleus

Answer 8

shielding parameter

Question 9

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Answer 9

ionization affinity

Question 10

The energy that an atom releases when it accepts an electron

Answer 10

electron affinity

Question 11

The ability of an atom in a chemical bond to attract electrons towards itself

Answer 11

electronegativity

Question 12

Why is it important to study the properties of solids and liquids?

Answer 12

They play an important role in our lives and when we know their properties, we can create them in forms that are useful in our lives.

Question 13

Why is the kinetic molecular model essential in explaining the properties of matter?

Answer 13

because the KMM describes how the particles of matter interact, which can explain observable properties of matter such as pressure, temperature and volume.

Question 14

How is the concept of intermolecular forces (IMF) significant to life?

Answer 14

IMF determine the physical properties of substances that are being studied and used in many fields.

Question 15

How does the stoichiometry of solutions affect life?

Answer 15

Chemical calculations ensure the safety of materials by having the correct proportion in the combination of the constituent substances.

Question 16

Why is the ability of water to undergo phase changes significant?

Answer 16

The phase changes in water result in the water cycle, which is a life sustaining process on earth.

Question 17

the higher the kinetic energy, the _____ the movement of particles

Answer 17

faster

Question 18

4 Types of IMF

Answer 18

• dipole-dipole
• hydrogen bonding
• ion-dipole
• london dispersion

Question 19

Exist between polar substances, Electronegativity is between 0.4 and 1.7

Answer 19

Dipole-dipole

Question 20

IMF in pure substance can also be called?

Answer 20

Van der Waals forces

Question 21

a type of dipole-dipole interaction

exists only in molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atoms such as F, O, N

Answer 21

Hydrogen bonding

Question 22

Act between an ion and a polar molecule

Answer 22

Ion-dipole

Question 23

• Act between all atoms and molecules
• Only forces acting in non-polar molecules
• Arise from the continuous movement of electrons in particles

Answer 23

London dispersion forces or Dispersion forces

Question 24

Dispersion Forces: the bigger the molecules, the _____ the dispersion force, the ____ the attraction. It is ______ proportional

Answer 24

greater, stronger, directly

Question 25

Identify the IMF.

HCl

Answer 25

Dipole-dipole

Question 26

Identify the IMF.

aqueous solution of sodium chloride where in the ions are Na and Cl while the polar molecule is water

Answer 26

Ion-dipole