Kinesiology key terms

Question 1

kinesiology

Answer 1

the study of movement

Question 2

kinetics

Answer 2

factors causing movement

Question 3

kinematics

Answer 3

time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system

Question 4

linear motion

Answer 4

a more of less straight line from one location to another

Question 5

rectilinear motion

Answer 5

movement that occurs in a straight line

Question 6

curvilinear motion

Answer 6

movement occurring in curved path that isn’t necessarily circular

Question 7

angular motion

Answer 7

movement of an object around a fixed point

Question 8

osteokinematics

Answer 8

movement of bones around a joint axis

Question 9

arthrokinematics

Answer 9

joint surface movement

Question 10

synarthrosis

Answer 10

suture joint (sutures of the skull)

Question 11

syndemosis

Answer 11

ligamentous joint (distal tibiofibular joint)

Question 12

gomphosis

Answer 12

peg-in-socket (tooth)

Question 13

amphiarthrodial joint

Answer 13

Another name for cartilaginous joint

Question 14

diarthrodial joint

Answer 14

Another name for synovial joint

Question 15

Osteoarthritis

Answer 15

a type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of one or more joints.

Question 16

osteokinematic motion

Answer 16

movements done under voluntary control

Question 17

bony (hard) end feel

Answer 17

hard and abrupt limit to passive joint motion

Question 18

soft tissue stretch (firm end feel)

Answer 18

firm sensation that has a slight give when the joint is taken to the end-range of motion

Question 19

soft tissue approximation (soft end feel)

Answer 19

occurs when muscle bulk in compressed (elbow flexion stopped by the approximation of the forearm and arm)

Question 20

abnormal bony end feel

Answer 20

The sudden hard stop usually felt well before the end of the normal ROM (bone spur etc)

Question 21

boggy end feel

Answer 21

found in acute conditions in which soft tissue edema is present. Soft “wet sponge” feel.

Question 22

muscle spasm

Answer 22

reflexive muscle guarding during motion

Question 23

empty end feel

Answer 23

no mechanical limitation but movement produces considerable pain so you cannot move further

Question 24

springy block

Answer 24

rebound movement is felt at the end of the ROM

Question 25

component movements

Answer 25

motions that accompany active motion but are not under voluntary control

Question 26

joint play

Answer 26

passive movements between joint surfaces done by passively applying external force. (includes glide, spin, and roll)

Question 27

ovoid joint

Answer 27

two bones forming a convex-concave relationship

Question 28

sellar (saddle) joint

Answer 28

each joint surface is concave in one direction an convex in another

Question 29

concave-convex rule:

Answer 29

A concave joint surface will move on a fixed convex surface in the same direction of the body segment moving. A convex joint surface will move on a fixed concaved surface in the opposite direction as the moving body segment.

Question 30

traction (distraction, tension)

Answer 30

occurs when external force is exerted on a joint, causing he joint surfaces to pull apart.

Question 31

approximation (compression)

Answer 31

occurs when an external force is exerted on a joint, causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together

Question 32

Shear force

Answer 32

occur parallel to the surface. Shear force results in a glide motion at the joint.

Question 33

Irritability

Answer 33

the ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus

Question 34

Excursion

Answer 34

that distance from the maximum elongation to a maximum shortening.

Question 35

Active Insufficiency

Answer 35

A point at which a muscle cannot shorten any farther

Question 36

Passive insuficiency

Answer 36

occurs when a muscle cannot be elongated any further without damage to its fibers

Question 37

Isotonic contraction

Answer 37

occurs when a muscle contracts and the muscles length and joint angle changes

Question 38

Isometric contraction

Answer 38

occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force without a change in length of the muscle

Question 39

concentric contraction (shortening contraction)

Answer 39

when there is joint movement, the muscles shorten, and the muscle attachments move towards each other

Question 40

eccentric contraction

Answer 40

Occurs when there is joint motion but the muscles appear to lengthen, muscle attachments separate

Question 41

closed kinetic chain

Answer 41

requires distal segment to be fixed and the proximal segment moves

Question 42

open kinetic chain

Answer 42

the distal segment is free to move while the proximal segment can remain stationary.