Kinesiology key terms Flashcards
kinesiology
the study of movement
kinetics
factors causing movement
kinematics
time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system
linear motion
a more of less straight line from one location to another
rectilinear motion
movement that occurs in a straight line
curvilinear motion
movement occurring in curved path that isn’t necessarily circular
angular motion
movement of an object around a fixed point
osteokinematics
movement of bones around a joint axis
arthrokinematics
joint surface movement
synarthrosis
suture joint (sutures of the skull)
syndemosis
ligamentous joint (distal tibiofibular joint)
gomphosis
peg-in-socket (tooth)
amphiarthrodial joint
Another name for cartilaginous joint
diarthrodial joint
Another name for synovial joint
Osteoarthritis
a type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of one or more joints.
osteokinematic motion
movements done under voluntary control
bony (hard) end feel
hard and abrupt limit to passive joint motion
soft tissue stretch (firm end feel)
firm sensation that has a slight give when the joint is taken to the end-range of motion
soft tissue approximation (soft end feel)
occurs when muscle bulk in compressed (elbow flexion stopped by the approximation of the forearm and arm)
abnormal bony end feel
The sudden hard stop usually felt well before the end of the normal ROM (bone spur etc)
boggy end feel
found in acute conditions in which soft tissue edema is present. Soft “wet sponge” feel.
muscle spasm
reflexive muscle guarding during motion
empty end feel
no mechanical limitation but movement produces considerable pain so you cannot move further
springy block
rebound movement is felt at the end of the ROM
component movements
motions that accompany active motion but are not under voluntary control
joint play
passive movements between joint surfaces done by passively applying external force. (includes glide, spin, and roll)
ovoid joint
two bones forming a convex-concave relationship
sellar (saddle) joint
each joint surface is concave in one direction an convex in another
concave-convex rule:
A concave joint surface will move on a fixed convex surface in the same direction of the body segment moving. A convex joint surface will move on a fixed concaved surface in the opposite direction as the moving body segment.
traction (distraction, tension)
occurs when external force is exerted on a joint, causing he joint surfaces to pull apart.
approximation (compression)
occurs when an external force is exerted on a joint, causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together
Shear force
occur parallel to the surface. Shear force results in a glide motion at the joint.
Irritability
the ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus
Excursion
that distance from the maximum elongation to a maximum shortening.
Active Insufficiency
A point at which a muscle cannot shorten any farther
Passive insuficiency
occurs when a muscle cannot be elongated any further without damage to its fibers
Isotonic contraction
occurs when a muscle contracts and the muscles length and joint angle changes
Isometric contraction
occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force without a change in length of the muscle
concentric contraction (shortening contraction)
when there is joint movement, the muscles shorten, and the muscle attachments move towards each other
eccentric contraction
Occurs when there is joint motion but the muscles appear to lengthen, muscle attachments separate
closed kinetic chain
requires distal segment to be fixed and the proximal segment moves
open kinetic chain
the distal segment is free to move while the proximal segment can remain stationary.