kinesiology Flashcards by Ednaly Meza

movements between joint surfaces: roll - spin- glide or slide
-Rotation of a single point of one joint surface on the adjacent joint surface

arthrokinematic motions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

movements of limbs through space about a joint - flexion/extension -abduction/adduction -medial rotation/lateral rotation

osteokinematic motions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

erect posture, weight evenly distibuted, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and slightly apart. The zero point.

anatomical position

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

distal segment is fixed, proximal segment is free to move

closed kinetic chain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

distal segment is free to move, proximal segment fixed

open kinetic chain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sagittal plane passes through body
- divides body into right and left

sagittal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frontal plane passes through body
-vertically side to side divides

frontal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Horizontal plane passes through body
-horizontally divides body into superior and inferior

transverse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

axis that passes through joint anterior to posterior

sagittal axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

axis that passes through joint side to side

frontal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

axis that passes through joint superior to inferior

vertical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in which plane and axis does flexion/ extension occur?

saggital plane - frontal axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in which plane and axis does abduction/ adduction occur?

frontal plane - sagittal axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in which plane and axis does medial rotation/ lateral rotation

horizontal plane - vertical axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

unbixial

motion in one plane about one axis. one degree of freedom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

biaxial

motion in two planes about two axes. two degrees of freedom.
ex: shoulder and hip joints have 3 degrees of freedom.
elbow, uniaxial joint has one degree of freedom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the amount of motion a joint can move in any of its possible directions

range of motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

has magnitude and direction
(force, velocity, acceleration)

vector

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the amount of push or pull applied to objects
- push creates compression, pull creates traction
- internal forces include muscle contractions, ligamentous restraint.

force

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the mutual attraction btwn the earth and an object

gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the force btwn two surfaces that increased resistance to motion of one surface across another
-increased by compression, decreased by traction

friction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

two or more forces acting along the same line

linear forces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction

parallel forces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specific configuration of parallel forces, two or more forces acting in different directions, produces clockwise rotation

fource couple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

two or more forces acting on an object, resultant force vector.

concurrent forces

joint surfaces pull apart

traction

joint surfaces push closer together

compression

gliding motion of joint surfaces parallel to one another

shear

force is not applied at the central axis of an object, causing the object to bend.

bending

tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis. The amount of torque generated is dependent apon; force applied, distance from axis that the force is applied, etc.

torque

FIRST LAW. law in which an object stays at rest or in motion at a constant state unless acted upon an external force.

law of inertia

SECOND LAW. law in which the acceleration of an object is inversely related to the mass of the object and directly proportionate to the amount of force.

law of acceleration

THRID LAW. law that states that for every action there is and equal and opposite reaction.

law of action- reaction

the point which the the sum of the mass of all body segment is located.

Center of Mass (COM)

point at which gravity acts on the center of mass.

Center of Gravity (GOG)

areas encompassed by the body's contact with the supporting surface.

Base of support

motion that occurs in a curved path that is not circular

curvilinear motion

all parts move at the same time, same direction but not the same distance. Around a fixed joint.

angular motion

Axis is btwn force and resistance.

FIRST CLASS LEVER. F A R.

resistance is btwn axis and the force. FA, LONGER THAN RA

SECOND CLASS LEVER. A R F.

force is btwn the axis and resistance. RA, LONGER THAN FA

THRID CLASS LEVER. A F R.

Fact: JOINT= AXES BONES= LEVERS MUSCLES= FORCES

a grooved wheel that turns about an axis with a rope in the groove providing attachment for an applied force

pulley

length of a muscle when its not shortened or lengthened by active contraction or the application of external force.

normal resting lenght

four properties of a muscle

irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

when the length is SHORTENING

concentric

when the length is LENGTHENING

eccentric

when there is NO CHANGE in length

isometric

binding of myosin heads to actin is called?

cross bridges

fiber type termed in slow twitch or slow oxidative. -smaller in diameter, slower to respond to stimulus, postural muscles

Type l

fiber type termed faster twitch or fast glycolytic - larger in diameter, respond quick to stimulation, prone to fatigue

Type ll

proximal muscle attatchment

origin

distal muscle attachment

insertion

muscle responsible for desired motion

agonist

muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

antagonist

simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist

co- contraction

two or more muscles contracting together to produce motion that neither can perform individually

synergist

unable to actively SHORTEN simultaneously through full ROM.

active insufficiency

unable to LENGTHEN simultaneously through full ROM

passive insufficiency

which type joint provides the most mobility?

synovial

Where the bone grows:

epiphyseal plate

which type of bone functions to support and protect? (OUTER LAYER OF BONE)

compact bone

closing of first through passive insufficiency. allows some grasp and release for those who cant control actively grasp and release.

tenodesis

strain (overstretching), rupture (complete tear of tendon), trigger points (pain in muscles), tendonitis (inflammation of tendon) are examples of what?

common pathologies of muscle and tendons

bones of the head, neck thorax, trunk and pelvis are part of which skeleton

axial skeleton

bones of the extremities

appendicular system

osteoclast:

bone resorption

types of bones

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

what is the function of the sesamoid bones

changes the angle of tendons attachments

foramen, fossa, groove, meatus, sinus, are which type of structures?

depression and openings

condyle, eminence, facet, head are which type of structures?

projection or processes relation to joints

avulsion, closed, comminuted, complete, complicated, compression are all examples of?

fractures

osteopenia:

reduced bone mass

osteoporosis:

loss of bone mass

osteomyelitis:

bacterial infection of bone

allows motion and provides stability:

joints

name the two different types of joints

synarthosis (stability), and diarthrosis (mobility)

the ligaments or interosseous membrane btwn bones is called: (ex. fibula-tibia, radius-ulna)

synarthrosis synarthrodial

bones, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and bursa are what?

structures of a joint

connect muscles to bone, shapes include cylindrical cords or flat band:

tendons

broad, flat tendinous sheet of connective tissue

aponeurosis

the sensation when moving a patients joint to the end of its ROM

end feel

soft "give" at the end of ROM

soft end feel

sligh "give" at end of ROM

firm end feel

bony end feel, no 'give"

hard end feel

ovoid, sellar and flat are examples of

types of joint surfaces

motion of one surface rolling on and adjacent surface. A new point of one joint surface contacts a new point.

roll

linear movement of one joint surface parallel to the plane. Single point of one joint surface contacts new points.

glide or slide

rotation of a single point on one joint surface. Same point on each joint surface remains in contact throughout the motion

spin

same direction

concave

opposite direction

convex