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Kinesiology Exam 1 > kinesiology > Flashcards

kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

movements between joint surfaces: roll - spin- glide or slide
-Rotation of a single point of one joint surface on the adjacent joint surface

A

arthrokinematic motions

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2
Q

movements of limbs through space about a joint - flexion/extension -abduction/adduction -medial rotation/lateral rotation

A

osteokinematic motions

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3
Q

erect posture, weight evenly distibuted, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and slightly apart. The zero point.

A

anatomical position

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4
Q

distal segment is fixed, proximal segment is free to move

A

closed kinetic chain

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5
Q

distal segment is free to move, proximal segment fixed

A

open kinetic chain

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6
Q

Sagittal plane passes through body
- divides body into right and left

A

sagittal plane

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7
Q

Frontal plane passes through body
-vertically side to side divides

A

frontal plane

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8
Q

Horizontal plane passes through body
-horizontally divides body into superior and inferior

A

transverse

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9
Q

axis that passes through joint anterior to posterior

A

sagittal axis

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10
Q

axis that passes through joint side to side

A

frontal

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11
Q

axis that passes through joint superior to inferior

A

vertical

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12
Q

in which plane and axis does flexion/ extension occur?

A

saggital plane - frontal axis

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13
Q

in which plane and axis does abduction/ adduction occur?

A

frontal plane - sagittal axis

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14
Q

in which plane and axis does medial rotation/ lateral rotation

A

horizontal plane - vertical axis

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15
Q

unbixial

A

motion in one plane about one axis. one degree of freedom

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16
Q

biaxial

A

motion in two planes about two axes. two degrees of freedom.
ex: shoulder and hip joints have 3 degrees of freedom.
elbow, uniaxial joint has one degree of freedom

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17
Q

the amount of motion a joint can move in any of its possible directions

A

range of motion

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18
Q

has magnitude and direction
(force, velocity, acceleration)

A

vector

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19
Q

the amount of push or pull applied to objects
- push creates compression, pull creates traction
- internal forces include muscle contractions, ligamentous restraint.

A

force

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20
Q

the mutual attraction btwn the earth and an object

A

gravity

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21
Q

the force btwn two surfaces that increased resistance to motion of one surface across another
-increased by compression, decreased by traction

A

friction

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22
Q

two or more forces acting along the same line

A

linear forces

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23
Q

occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction

A

parallel forces

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24
Q

specific configuration of parallel forces, two or more forces acting in different directions, produces clockwise rotation

A

fource couple

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25
Q

two or more forces acting on an object, resultant force vector.

A

concurrent forces

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26
Q

joint surfaces pull apart

A

traction

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27
Q

joint surfaces push closer together

A

compression

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28
Q

gliding motion of joint surfaces parallel to one another

A

shear

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29
Q

force is not applied at the central axis of an object, causing the object to bend.

A

bending

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30
Q

tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis. The amount of torque generated is dependent apon; force applied, distance from axis that the force is applied, etc.

A

torque

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31
Q

FIRST LAW. law in which an object stays at rest or in motion at a constant state unless acted upon an external force.

A

law of inertia

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32
Q

SECOND LAW. law in which the acceleration of an object is inversely related to the mass of the object and directly proportionate to the amount of force.

A

law of acceleration

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33
Q

THRID LAW. law that states that for every action there is and equal and opposite reaction.

A

law of action- reaction

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34
Q

the point which the the sum of the mass of all body segment is located.

A

Center of Mass (COM)

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35
Q

point at which gravity acts on the center of mass.

A

Center of Gravity (GOG)

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36
Q

areas encompassed by the body’s contact with the supporting surface.

A

Base of support

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37
Q

motion that occurs in a curved path that is not circular

A

curvilinear motion

38
Q

all parts move at the same time, same direction but not the same distance. Around a fixed joint.

A

angular motion

39
Q

Axis is btwn force and resistance.

A

FIRST CLASS LEVER.
F A R.

40
Q

resistance is btwn axis and the force.
FA, LONGER THAN RA

A

SECOND CLASS LEVER.
A R F.

41
Q

force is btwn the axis and resistance.
RA, LONGER THAN FA

A

THRID CLASS LEVER.
A F R.

42
Q

Fact:
JOINT= AXES
BONES= LEVERS
MUSCLES= FORCES

A
43
Q

a grooved wheel that turns about an axis with a rope in the groove providing attachment for an applied force

A

pulley

44
Q

length of a muscle when its not shortened or lengthened by active contraction or the application of external force.

A

normal resting lenght

45
Q

four properties of a muscle

A

irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

46
Q

when the length is SHORTENING

A

concentric

47
Q

when the length is LENGTHENING

A

eccentric

48
Q

when there is NO CHANGE in length

A

isometric

49
Q

binding of myosin heads to actin is called?

A

cross bridges

50
Q

fiber type termed in slow twitch or slow oxidative.
-smaller in diameter, slower to respond to stimulus, postural muscles

A

Type l

51
Q

fiber type termed faster twitch or fast glycolytic
- larger in diameter, respond quick to stimulation, prone to fatigue

A

Type ll

52
Q

proximal muscle attatchment

A

origin

53
Q

distal muscle attachment

A

insertion

54
Q

muscle responsible for desired motion

A

agonist

55
Q

muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

A

antagonist

56
Q

simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist

A

co- contraction

57
Q

two or more muscles contracting together to produce motion that neither can perform individually

A

synergist

58
Q

unable to actively SHORTEN simultaneously through full ROM.

A

active insufficiency

59
Q

unable to LENGTHEN simultaneously through full ROM

A

passive insufficiency

60
Q

which type joint provides the most mobility?

A

synovial

61
Q

Where the bone grows:

A

epiphyseal plate

62
Q

which type of bone functions to support and protect?
(OUTER LAYER OF BONE)

A

compact bone

63
Q

closing of first through passive insufficiency.
allows some grasp and release for those who cant control actively grasp and release.

A

tenodesis

64
Q

strain (overstretching), rupture (complete tear of tendon), trigger points (pain in muscles), tendonitis (inflammation of tendon) are examples of what?

A

common pathologies of muscle and tendons

65
Q

bones of the head, neck thorax, trunk and pelvis are part of which skeleton

A

axial skeleton

66
Q

bones of the extremities

A

appendicular system

67
Q

osteoclast:

A

bone resorption

68
Q

types of bones

A

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

69
Q

what is the function of the sesamoid bones

A

changes the angle of tendons attachments

70
Q

foramen, fossa, groove, meatus, sinus, are which type of structures?

A

depression and openings

71
Q

condyle, eminence, facet, head are which type of structures?

A

projection or processes relation to joints

72
Q

avulsion, closed, comminuted, complete, complicated, compression are all examples of?

A

fractures

73
Q

osteopenia:

A

reduced bone mass

74
Q

osteoporosis:

A

loss of bone mass

75
Q

osteomyelitis:

A

bacterial infection of bone

76
Q

allows motion and provides stability:

A

joints

77
Q

name the two different types of joints

A

synarthosis (stability), and diarthrosis (mobility)

78
Q

the ligaments or interosseous membrane btwn bones is called:

(ex. fibula-tibia, radius-ulna)

A

synarthrosis synarthrodial

79
Q

bones, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and bursa are what?

A

structures of a joint

80
Q

connect muscles to bone, shapes include cylindrical cords or flat band:

A

tendons

81
Q

broad, flat tendinous sheet of connective tissue

A

aponeurosis

82
Q

the sensation when moving a patients joint to the end of its ROM

A

end feel

83
Q

soft “give” at the end of ROM

A

soft end feel

84
Q

sligh “give” at end of ROM

A

firm end feel

85
Q

bony end feel, no ‘give”

A

hard end feel

86
Q

ovoid, sellar and flat are examples of

A

types of joint surfaces

87
Q

motion of one surface rolling on and adjacent surface. A new point of one joint surface contacts a new point.

A

roll

88
Q

linear movement of one joint surface parallel to the plane.
Single point of one joint surface contacts new points.

A

glide or slide

89
Q

rotation of a single point on one joint surface.
Same point on each joint surface remains in contact throughout the motion

A

spin

90
Q

same direction

A

concave

91
Q

opposite direction

A

convex

Kinesiology Exam 1 (1 decks)

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