Kines midterm Flashcards
Play
jay Coakley defines this as “done for it’s own sake”
Sport
well established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards
Socialization
a process of learning and social development that occurs as we interact with one another and become familiar with the various social worlds in which we live
Formal Norms
official expectations that take the form of written rules or laws
Deviance
when a persons ideas, traits, or actions are perceived by others to fall outside their normal range of acceptance in a society (or social world)
Formal Deviance
occurs when a formal norm is violated and punishable by peers or observers
Informal Deviance
occurs when an informal norm is violated and is punishable by peers or observers
Two ways to study deviance
absolutist approach, constructionist approach
Deviant under conformity
“Subnormal ideas, traits and actions that indicate a rejection of norms or ignorance about their existence”
why are Elite athletics unique social worlds for deviant over conformity
- Sport is as much physical as it is social
- Collective dedication to a common goal
- Teammates share similar sacrifices, including pain and injury
- Although athlete behavior becomes normalized within their social world, they become culturally distinct from others (i.e. fans
NCAA bans the following classes of drugs
a. Stimulants
b. Anabolic Agents
c. Alcohol and Beta Blockers (banned for rifle only)
d. Diuretics and Other Masking Agents
e. Street Drugs
f. Peptide Hormones and Analogues
g. Anti-estrogens
h. Beta-2 Agonists*
According to Kyle Turley, why is the National Football League (NFL) “a league of hypocrisy”?
The NFL punishes players for using performance enhancing drugs while at the same time turning a blind eye to the abuse of prescription pain killers.
A social constructionist approach to deviance is based on
a combination of cultural, interactionist, and structural theories
The sport ethic is linked to deviance in sports because athletes
expect each other to over conform to its norms.
When athletes collectively over conform to the norms of the sport ethic, they may develop hubris, which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community. Coakley explains that this hubris
leads to a sense of entitlement and lack of concern for people outside their sport.
According to Frontline, which of the following was a major problem with the NFL’s committee to study concussions?
The committee was chaired by the New York Jets team doctor, Elliot Pellman, and staffed with other underqualified team doctors.
According to Frontline, what did the NFL eventually acknowledge following the $756 million concussion settlement?
Although the NFL agreed to pay the settlement, they never admitted any guilt or knowledge of the causality of CTE and football.
Assertive
may use violence to achieve a sport objective without the intent to harm the opponent; these athletes compete at high intensity but stay within the rules
Intimidation
words, gestures or actions that threaten violence or aggression
The primary goal of the suggestions for controlling spectator violence is to create
new antiviolence norms among spectators.
Research on pain and injury in sports suggests that
professional contact and collision sports are dangerous workplaces.
Following the 9/11 terrorist attack, which of the following best describes how large security companies promoted their services to major sporting events?
Large security companies promoted a narrative of fear and the need for comprehensive security no matter the cost.
socialization refers to a process that
involves social development and learning about social worlds
Research done during the latter half of the twentieth century have helped us understand the process of changing or ending sport participation. Which of the following is not one of the findings in that research?
people drop out of sports only when they are victims of exploitation by coaches
An emphasis on the performance ethic is most likely in programs sponsored by
private commercial clubs
which of the following best describes the play to organized sport ratio in the 1950s and 1960s
15:1
physical culture
includes all forms of movement and physical activities that people in particular social worlds create, sustain, and regularly include in their collective lives
dramatic spectacle
a performance meant to entertain an audience (for the sake of obtaining external rewards)
norms
a shared expectation that people use to identify what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social world
informal norms
customs or unwritten, shared understandings of how a person is expected to think, appear, and act in a social world
absolutist approach
“Assumes that social norms are based on essential principles that constitute an unchanging foundation for identifying good and evil and distinguishing right from wrong”
constructionist approach
“Occurs when ideas, traits and actions fall outside the socially determined boundaries that people in a social world generally use to determine what is acceptable and unacceptable in a society or social world”
deviant over conformity
“Supranormal ideas, traits and actions that indicate an uncritical acceptance or norms and a failure to recognize any limits to following norms”
ethics
“An interrelated set of norms or standards that are used to guide and evaluate ideas, traits, and actions in a social world
the sport ethic
accepted norms for what it means to be an athlete
four norms
dedication to the game, athletes must strive for distinction, athletes accept risks and play through pain, athletes accept no limits in the pursuit of success
institutional corruption
“Established, widespread, and taken-for-granted processes and practices that, if publicaly known, would be seen as immoral, unethical, or illegal to the point of destroying the public trust in the organization and its leaders” (Coakley, 2014, p.121)
What major event changed, Marcellus Wiley’s, “course”?
Wiley experienced renal failure due to the long-term use of Toradol.
According to Nate Jackson, what ideology is used by the media to influence an NFL player’s decision to play through pain and injury
Gender Ideology
The author’s (Jay Coakley) recommendations for controlling substance use in sports call for a policy that involves
preventing athletes from competing unless they are certified as healthy
The author (Jay Coakley) points out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to
abandon self-enforcement and create an independent enforcement agency.
According to the Frontline special, what player “exemplified” what it was like to play in the “Steel City” during the 1970’s?
mike webster
Bennet Omalu related an off the record conversation he had with an NFL team doctor about his research. The team doctor repeatedly asked Omalu if he knew what the implications of his findings would be. What did the team doctor predict would happen if Omalu’s research went public?
That If only 10% of mothers perceived football as a dangerous sport, it would be the end of football.
Why were Owen Thomas and Eric Pelly significant to Dr. McKee’s research?
Thomas was a college football player and Pelly was a high school senior; both players were diagnosed with CTE posthumously.
According to NFL personnel, what two important questions did Dr. McKee’s research fail to answer?
Causation (does football cause CTE) and prevalence (how many players had CTE)
Violence
the use of excessive physical force which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
unified MMA rule
Judges shall evaluate mixed martial arts techniques, such as effective striking, effective grappling, control of the ring/fighting area, effective aggressiveness and defense.”
4 types of violence
brutal body contact, borderline violence, quasi-criminal violence, criminal violence
brutal body contact
common physical practices, accepted
borderline violence
violates rules, accepted by most, conforms to sport ethics
quasi-criminal violence
quasi-criminal violence
criminal violence
Outside law, rare during games
As defined in the chapter, aggression refers to
verbal or physical actions intended to control or do harm to another person.
A study by Nancy Theberge found that elite women ice hockey players have a difficult time controlling all forms of brutal body contact in their sport because
they love the physicality of ice hockey.
they love the physicality of ice hockey.
heavy contact sports.
Preventing or minimizing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) through the use of helmets and other head protection equipment has not been successful because helmets
helmets cannot stop the brain from moving inside the skull.
Sports spectators at North American stadiums and arenas are
loud and expressive but not generally violent.
Carefully designed studies based on structural theories and a personal internalization model of socialization have found that three things are related to becoming involved in sports. Which of the following is not one of those things?
a persons willingness to practice even when not having fun
the in depth interviews done by Anita white and jay Coakley indicated that young people are most likely to participate in sports when they
saw sports as linked to their own growth and development
membership in a sports culture is always
temporary
A widespread belief long held by many people in North America is that playing sports
builds character among participants
the author uses the term social world to refer to a
way of life and mindset that people develop in a particular setting
Focusing on socialization as a community and cultural process, David Andrews studied the “persona” created in connection with Michael Jordan during the 1990s. He concludes that through media images of Jordan, the “Jordan persona” was
intentionally detached from African American experiences and culture
according to the analysis of sports and society based on gramscis ideas, sports are important social phenomena because they are
contexts through which ideological messages can be presented to people
pleasure and participation in sports tend to emphasize
connection with other people and the environment
Organized youth sports in the United States were originally developed to teach lower-class boys how to work together peacefully and to help middle-class boys because they
counteract the feminized values they learned at home from their mothers
a specific recommendation made for change in chapter 4 is
increase opportunities for players to reaffirm their friendships
which of the following is not one of the five major trends in youth sports
decreased parental involvement
the programs that are most likely to be inclusive and emphasize overall participation are those
sponsored by public, tax-supported, community recreation organizations
during the 1950s and 60s children were more likely to
play informal sports more than organized sports
When Tom Farrey of ESPN interviewed developmental soccer coaches in France, they explained that
informal games help children get a feel for the game
Parental involvement in and concern about youth sports have increased because
parental moral worth is now associated with the success of children
one of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance is because
the types and causes of deviance in sports are very diverse
unquestioned acceptance to norms can lead to
fascism
