Kines lab Ch 1 - kinematics and introduction to kinetics

Question 1

displacement = motion (of a segment without regard to the forces that cause that movement)

Answer 1

the change in position over time

Question 2

kinematics

Answer 2

set of concepts that allows us to describe the displacement

Question 3

which are the 5 kinematics variables that fully describe the motions or displacement of a segment

Answer 3

1- TYPE of displacement
2-LOCATION in space
3-DIRECTION of the displacement
4- MAGNITUDE of the displacement
5- the rate of change of displacement ( VELOCITY) or the rate of change of velocity (ACCELERATION)

Question 4

name 2 types of displacement that can be attributed to any rigid segment

Answer 4

translatory and rotary motions

Question 5

what are general motions

Answer 5

are achieved by combining translatory and rotary motions

Question 6

translatory motions = linear displacement

Answer 6

represents the movement of a segment in a straight line

Question 7

rotary motion (ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT)

Answer 7

Movement of a segment around a fixed axis ( COR) in a curved path

Question 8

general motion

Answer 8

it happens to non-segmented objects when they are moved through a combination of rotation and translation

Question 9

curviliniar (plane or planar motion)

Answer 9

is a type of general motion, which combines the motions of translation and rotation of a segment in 2 dimensions (parallel to a plane with a maximum of 3 degrees of freedom); the axis about which the segment moves is not fixed , but rather shifts in space and is called the instantaneous center of rotation (ICoR) or instantaneous axis of rotation ( IaR)

Question 10

three dimensional motion

Answer 10

is also a general motion, in which the segment moves along all 3 dimensions; and it occurs over a helical axis of motion (HaM) or screw axis motion

Question 11

CoM = center of mass of human body is

Answer 11

the origin of x axis(runs side to side in the body=coronal axis), y-axis ( runs up/down in the body and is labeled as vertical axis) and z-axis ( which runs front to back and is labeled AP axis or anteroposterior axis)

Question 12

how can motion of a segment occur?

Answer 12

1- either AROUND an axis = rotation
2- or Along an axis = translation
=> 6 potential motions for that segment

Question 13

degrees of freedom

Answer 13

the options for movement of a segment; an unconstrained segment always has 6 degrees of freedom

Question 14

cardinal planes

Answer 14

rotation of a body segment occur around 1 of possible 3 axis + but also moving parallel or in to in of the 3 cardinal planes

Question 15

as a segment ROTATES around an axis is

Answer 15

1 - segment also moves in a plane that is perpendicular to that axis of rotation
2- parallel to another axis

Ex: if a segment moves around the x-axis = coronal axis, than the segment is also moves in a plane that is perpendicular to the x-axis=coronal axis, and that would be the sag ital plane and secondly the segment would be parallel to another axis = AP axis in our example.

Question 16

rotation of a segment on the y-axis = vertical axis = long or longitudinal axis occurs in which plane ?

Answer 16

in the transverse plane, because this is the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (Y-axis)

Question 17

transverse plane motions are

Answer 17

mostly visualised as motions of a segment parallel to the ground (M/L rotation of the LE at hip joint

Question 18

rotation of a body segment on the z-axis or AP axis occurs in the

Answer 18

frontal plane. Ex. of frontal plane motions include side-to-side motions of the segment like abd-adduction at the glenohumeral joint

Question 19

Movement around x - axis ( coronal axis)

Answer 19

sagital plane: flex/extension

Question 20

movement around y - axis ( vertical axis)

Answer 20

transverse plane or horizontal plane; rotation

Question 21

movement around z axis ( anteroposterior)

Answer 21

frontal plane : abd./add

Question 22

flex/ext (direction of displacement)

Answer 22

generally occur in the same plane ( iniaxial; uniplanar) SaGITTAL plane around Coronal Axis

Question 23

exception to flex/exten in other planes than sagital plane and coronal axis

Answer 23

carpometacarpal flexion of thumb + extension of the thumb

Question 24

abd/add of a segment occur around

Answer 24

Anteroposterior axis and and frontal plane,

Question 25

exceptions of AP axis and frontal plane for abd/add are:

Answer 25

carpometacarpal abd/add of thumb

Question 26

lateral flexion

Answer 26

is when the moving segment is part of the midline of the body

Question 27

M/L rotation

Answer 27

occur around a vertical (longitudinal) axis on a transverse plane

Question 28

360 degrees =

Answer 28

6.28 radians

Question 29

radian

Answer 29

ration of an arc to the radius of its circle

Question 30

1 radian =

Answer 30

57.3 degrees

Question 31

1 degrees =

Answer 31

0.01745 radian

Question 32

frontal axis ( transverse axis,coronal axis) is perpendicular on which plane

Answer 32

sagittal plane (bisects the body into L-R halves); motions in this sagital plane include: flexion -extension

Question 33

sagittal axis is perpendicular on which plane

Answer 33

frontal plane (bisects the body into front-back halves): Motions include; abduction-adduction

Question 34

longitudinal axis (vertical axis) is perpendicular on which plane

Answer 34

transverse plane (bisects the body into top-bottom halves); Motions: internal rotation-external rotation

Question 35

movement in a plane occurs around the

Answer 35

perpendicular axis running in that plane