Kines exam Flashcards
What plane and axis does Hip extension and flexion occur in?
Sagittal Plane / Frontal Axis
What plane and axis does hip Abduction and Adduction occur in?
Frontal plane / Sagittal Axis
What plane and axis does hip rotation occur in?
Transverse Plane / Vertical Axis
This type of joint is described as a suture, resulting in a fixed or immovable joint with no joint cavity, most commonly found between the bones of the skull as sutures. Bones are connected with fibrocartilage
Fibrous
This type of joint is connected entirely by fibrocartilage or hyaline. The pubic symphysis is an example of this type of joint.
Cartilaginous
This type of joint contains a
- Joint cavity: A space between bones that contains synovial fluid
2.Articular cartilage: A layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of the bones - Synovial membrane: A fluid-filled sac that lines the joint cavity and secretes synovial fluid
Articular capsule:
Synovial Joint
Motion only occurs in a single motion upon a single axis?
Motion can occur on two planes about two axises?
Biaxial
Motion occurs in 3 planes upon 3 axises?
Triaxial
Name the two types of isotonic contractions?
Concentric and Eccentric
This is an anti gravity contraction that results is shortening.
Concentric
This a gravity assisted movement that results in lengthening?
Eccentric
Type of muscle contraction where the muscle contracts without changing its length
Isometric
Muscle contraction at a constant speed regardless of the amount of resistance applied
Isokenetic
This type of lever is associated with a
R>A>F or F>A>R
1st class
This type of lever is associated with a
A>R>F or F>R>A
2nd Class
This type of lever is associated with a
A>F>R or R>F>A
3rd class
Movement of bones around a joint axis is called
Osteokinematics
The study of the movement on joints surfaces.
Arthrokinematics
What are the arthrokinematic movements during hip flexion or extension
Roll and Glide
What are the arthrokinematic movements during hip abduction and adduction
Roll and glide
During hip rotation the arthrokinematic movement is?
Spin
During hip flexion in a closed chain position, describe the the concave and convex relationship for the femur and the pelvis
The pelvis which is concave would roll on the femur which is convex in the same direction
During hip flexion in a open chain position, describe the the concave and convex relationship for the femur and the pelvis
The femur which is Convex would roll on the pelvis and the concave
If a concave surface is rolling on a convex surface would this occur in the same or opposite direction?
Same
If a convex surface is rolling on a concave surface would this occur in the same or opposite direction?
Opposite
Anytime the hip has an open chain movement the relationship between concave/ convex would be
Convex on Concave
What are the 5 characteristics of a synovial joint
Bones, cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, Synovial Fluid
During hip extension the pt. isnt able to move the leg to the required range of motion. What would this be called and what muscles aren’t allowing it.
Active insufficiency. The muscle involved are my hip flexors or agonist.
During knee extension the pt. isn’t able to move the leg to the required range of motion with assitance form the PTA. What would this be called and muscles aren’t allowing it.
Passive insufficiency. The muscles involved are the hip extensors and they’re the antagonist.
Both active and passive insufficiency are functional states that occur in __________ muscles only.
Multi joint or Biarticular
When discussing force couples of anterior pelvic tilt, what is occurring in the pt.
Pt. trunk extensors are pulling up and the the hip flexors are pulling down
When discussing force couples of posterior pelvic tilt, what is occurring in the pt.
pt. trunk flexors are pulling up and the hip extensors are pulling down
When discussing Anterior pelvic tilt, the PTA would want to strengthen what muscles for antieror pelvic tilt?
Leg extension and abnominal flexion, this due to the hip flexors being to tight
Whatever the force couple is causing a problem you should always address the _________ force couple?
Opposite
abnormalities in the hip joint, specifically referring to the angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur in which the angle between the femoral neck and shaft is smaller than normal, typically less than 125 degrees
Coxa vara
abnormalities in the hip joint, specifically referring to the angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur in which the angle between the femoral neck and shaft is greater than normal, typically more than 125 degrees
Coxa valga
Is the position when the drawn line through the head/neck of the femur places the head of the femur anterior to the greater trochanter? There will be more internal rotation in the hip joint.
Anteversion
Occurs when the angle of torsion is is less than 15 degrees and the orientation of the two lines appears closer to the same plane. Results in external rotation in the hip joint.
Retroversion
When referring to the screw home mechanism (accessory mechanism) the tibia rolls __________ when in open chain terminal knee extension.
Laterally
When referring to the screw home mechanism (accessory mechanism) the femur rolls __________ when in closed chain terminal knee extension.
Medially
Muscle to bone
tendon
bone to bone
ligament
Tibiofemoral knee extension open chain is the tibia on the femur. What is the concave/convex rule that would apply and what direction.
Concave on convex
Roll and glide anterior
Spin lateral
Tibiofemoral knee extension closed chain is the femur on the tibia. What is the concave/convex rule that would apply and what direction.
Convex on concave
Roll anterior / Glide posterior
Spin Medial
Tibiofemoral knee flexion open chain is the tibia on the femur. What is the concave/convex rule that would apply and what direction.
Concave on Convex
Roll and glide posterior (same)
Spin laterally
This type of movement shortens muscle and goes against gravity.
Concentric
This type of movement lengthens muscle and goes with gravity.
Eccentric
Whatever muscle gets you up must get you ________?
Down and vice versa
If patient presented with Genu Varus (bowlegged) explain which ligament is compressed and which is distraction.
The medial would be compressed and lateral would be stretched or distraction
If patient presented with Genu Valgum (knocked knee) explain which ligament is compressed and which is distraction.
The lateral would be compressed and medial would be stretched or distraction
On which side of the knee are the larger structures located.
Medial
This ligament attaches on the anterior surface of the tibia in intercondylar fossa medial to meniscus.
It attaches to posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle.
ACL
This ligament stops the tibia from moving anterior on the femur in open chain.
Stops the Femur from moving posterior on tibia in closed chain.
ACL
This ligament stops the tibia from moving posterior on the femur in open chain.
Stops the Femur from moving anterior on tibia in closed chain.
PCL
This ligament attaches to posterior tibia intercondylar fossa.
Ascends obliquely to attach to anterior aspect of medial femoral condyle.
PCL
