Kines: Axial Skeletal exam

Question 1

The Dens is only located on _______.

Answer 1

C2

Question 2

The purpose of Vertebrae is…

Answer 2

Maintain posture

Protect spinal cord

Question 3

Purpose of vertebral disc

Answer 3

Absorb shock

Question 4

What is a herniated disc?

Answer 4

Nucleus pulposus is leaking due to annular fibrosis no longer holding in nucleus.

Question 5

What is Annular Fibrosis/?

Answer 5

Holds nucleus in place

“gate”

Question 6

Kyphosis normal

Answer 6

Normal: 40 degrees

Question 7

Normal Cervical lordosis (degrees)

Answer 7

30-35

Question 8

Normal Lumbar Lordosis

Answer 8

45 degrees

Question 9

Normal Sacral Kyphosis

Answer 9

Fused

Question 10

Anterior Longitudinal ligament C2-Sacrum

Answer 10

• anterior surface of bodies, deep fibers that blend w discs
• 2x as strong as posterior
• adds stability to vertebral column
• limits extension or excessive lordosis in cervical + lumbar

Question 11

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament C2-sacrum

Answer 11

• posterior surface of bodies, within vertebral canal
• thin in lumbar region
• reinforces posterior annulus fibrosis
• limits flexion

Question 12

Interspinous

Answer 12

• between adjacent spinous process
• limits flexion
• vertebrae to vertebrae

Question 13

Supraspinous C7-Sacrum

Answer 13

C7-sacrum
over interspinous (superficial)
along tips of spinous process
limits flexion

Question 14

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 14

C2-sacrum
elastic + thick
limits flexion

Question 15

Nuchal Ligament

Answer 15

Very thiccc
Holds neck- damage here affects whole body
alternate name for supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in neck
limits flexion

Question 16

Intertransverse

Answer 16

Between transverse process

limits lateral flexion to opposite side

Question 17

Ribs

Answer 17

1-7= True ribs, attach to sternum
8-10= false ribs, attach indirectly to sternum through cartilage
11 + 12 floating ribs, no attachment to sternum

Question 18

Closed pack

Answer 18

MAX extension

Question 19

Open pack

Answer 19

midway between flexion + extension

Question 20

Capsular pattern: Occ/C1/C2

Answer 20

Extension and lateral flexion is restricted

Rotation and flexion unaffected

Question 21

Capsular pattern: C2-C7

Answer 21

Unilateral:lateral flexion to opp and rotation to the same affected

Question 22

Capsular Pattern: Thoracic

Answer 22

Limitation of extension, lateral flexion and rotation

flexion is less limited

Question 23

Capsular pattern: Lumbar

Answer 23

Equal Restriction of lateral flexion

less limitation of flexion and extension

Question 24

Prime movers of trunk flexion

Answer 24

All abdomen except transverse

psoas major

Question 25

Trunk Extension prime movers

Answer 25

Extensor spinae group
Transverseospinalis
Interspinalis

Question 26

Trunk Lateral Flexion Prime movers

Answer 26

35 degrees
Erector spinae 
Intertransversarii
Quadratus Lumborum
Internal + External Obliques

Question 27

Trunk Rotation Prime Movers

Answer 27

45 degrees
Same side: Internal Obliques
Opposite side: External obliques, transversospinalis group, psoas major
(Assisting: Trapezius upper thoracic only)

Question 28

Frontal Plane Movements

Answer 28

Cervical/Trunk lateral flexion/side bending
Pelvic elevation/Hip hiking
Pelvic depression/ drop

Question 29

Sagittal Plane movements

Answer 29

Cervical/Trunk Flexion + Extension

Anterior/Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Question 30

Transverse Plane Movements

Answer 30

Cervical/Trunk Rotation

Pelvic Rotation

Question 31

Cervical Rotation 60°

Answer 31

Prime Mover to the Same Side:
levator scapulae, splenius capitus & cervicus
Prime Mover to the Opposite Side: `SCM

Question 32

Cervical Lateral Flexion 45°

Answer 32

Prime Mover: SCM, splenius capitus & cervicus, erector spinae group
Assisting: trapezius, transversospinalis

Question 33

Cervical Extension (combined capital and cervical ROM 45°)

Answer 33

Prime Mover: splenius capitus
splenius cervicus
erector spinae group

Question 34

Capital Ext

Answer 34

Prime Mover: SCM
rectus capitus posterior major and minor
obliquus capitus superior and inferior
splenius capitus

Question 35

Cervical Flex

Answer 35

Prime Mover: SCM
Assisting: scalenes
longus colli

Question 36

Capital Flex

Answer 36

Prime Mover: rectus capitus anterior

Assisting: longus capitus

Question 37

Cervical Facet

Answer 37

lie on diagonal between sagittal and frontal

Question 38

Throracic facet

Answer 38

frontal plane

Question 39

Lumbar facet

Answer 39

Sagittal