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Kines 411 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PTA

A

Post-traumatic Amnesia

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2
Q

LOC

A

Loss of consciousness

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3
Q

Contemporary Concussion Assessment

A

Symptoms, Neurocognitive assessment, balance assessment, cranial nerve assessment

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4
Q

Cumulative symptoms

A

ex: same hit causes 2x worse symptoms or less of a hit causes the same symptoms following a concussion

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5
Q

5 A’s

A

Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Audit

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6
Q

SAID Principle

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand; body adapts to stress and overload

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7
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

patient centered, validate practices, change practice with advances, provides accountability, uses concensus of scientific research

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8
Q

Overload

A

1) increase weight with increments
2) increase reps with same weight
3) increase rate with same weight

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9
Q

Sports Medicine Rehab

A

-aggressive approach
-competitive nature necessitates aggressiveness
-quick, safe, effective
-pushing too hard or not hard enough may have negative impact

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10
Q

Tight-rope approach

A

-overload but know limitations
-know the healing process
-modify inflammation response (timing), ice immediately

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11
Q

Early rehab

A

submax exercises in short bouts repeated several times daily

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12
Q

Late rehab

A

intensity increase, frequency decrease

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13
Q

Psychological aspects of rehab

A

emotional response, pain threshold, competitiveness, cooperation, depression/fear/anger/guilt

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14
Q

Pathomechanics

A

KT tape in opposite position to provide stability ex: taping ankle in dorsiflexion and eversion to avoid going opposite direction to hurt it

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15
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

muscular system, articular system, neural system
-each works together to provide structural and functional efficiency
-CNS facilitates neuromuscular control by sorting info from all 3 systems

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16
Q

Manual Therapy

A

joint mobilization, massage therapy (cross-friction, Granston technique)
Positives: good results
Negatives: time-consuming

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17
Q

Therapeutic Modeling

A

something that is done that optimizes environment for rehab
ex: heat packs, ice packs, infrared, ultra sound

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18
Q

Ultrasound benefits

A

heat to deeper structures than heat packs, but must move around instead of keep in one place

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19
Q

Electric stim

A

-timing, help with neural control, modifies pain, blocks the pain message (TENS units)

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20
Q

Short-Term Rehab Goals

A

-Re-establish core stability (appendages come off trunk)
-Range of Motion
-Progressive resistance exercise
-Cardio

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21
Q

POLICE

A

Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, compression, elevation

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22
Q

Ice packs

A

pain modifier, makes secondary cells membrane thicker (lowers interstitial fluid which decreases pressure), 25 min at least

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23
Q

Compression

A

fluid dynamics, push fluid out (away from pressure), not too tight (reduces blood flow)

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24
Q

Elevation

A

fluid runs down away from injured area, gravity working

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25
Joint Position Sense
Mirror therapy, ROM, Progressions
26
Progression in Rehab
ex: heel raises at first to hops ex: running in straight line then cutting/changing directions ex: 1/2 speed to full speed
27
Functional Progression
Stabilization --> Strength --> Power -progression based on response -strength = force -power = rate of force
28
Stabilization
correct muscle imbalances, prevent tissues for physical demands -should progress from isometric to multi-planar
29
Recruiting Joint Stabilizers
improves neuro-muscular efficiency, core stability, functional strength and flexibility
30
Strength goals
progressive resistance exercises goals: -challenge neuromuscular system -increase cross-sectional diameter of muscle -increase resistance to fatigue -increase stabilization strength -increase motor unit recruitment -overcome scar tissue
31
Functional Testing
assesses ability to perform specific activity ex: agility runs, vertical jumps, co-contraction tests
32
Factors for Returning to Play
-physiological health constraints -pain status -swelling -range of motion -strength -neuromuscular control -cardio -sport-specific demand -psychological factors
33
Evaluation Process
-Onsite eval @ time of injury -onsite eval just following injury -off site eval involving injury assessment and rehab plan -follow up eval during rehab -pre participation physicals
34
Systemic Differential Eval Process
Subjective: injury history and symptoms reported by patient Objective: observation, palpation, ROM, strength, Special tests, neurological assessment, functional tests
35
Subjective eval
history of injury: patients impression, description of how it occurred and location and level of discomfort site of injury: location and pain, consider normal, provoked, and pathologic tissue to develop plan
36
Behavior of Symptoms
-details -quality -regions -severity -timing
37
Objective eval
Visual inspection: gait, carrying position, muscle guarding, etc. -bilateral comparison -postural alignment -ROM eliminate edema -Signs of trauma (swelling, infection, bruising) -Palpation (trigger pts, tenderness, tissue quality)
38
ROM
passive, active, against resistance -compare bilaterally
39
Active ROM
patient contracts and moves themselves
40
Passive ROM
tissues are relaxed, PT or Doc moves body parts, assess end points, crepitus
41
Arthrokinematic Motion
roll, glide, spin, hypermobility, hypomobility
42
Special tests
joint stability, joint compression, passive tendon, anthropometric assessments
43
Tight/Shortened muscles
must stretch them
44
Loose/stretched muscles
Strengthen muscles
45
Stretching
hold minimum 3 sets of 25-30 seconds for each muscle, do antagonist muscle group immediately after
46
Anthropometric assessment
ex: measure swelling
47
Neurologic Testing
sensory functioning, motor functioning (myotomes), reflex testing Nerve roots: abnormal motor and sensory over a large area Peripheral nerve: confined to more localized area
48
Dermatome Testing
sensation, assess superficial sensation pain, deep pressure pain, sensitivity and temp. -two point discrimination
49
Myotome Testing
motor, simple muscle tests, ex: scrunching toes, spreading fingers
50
Reflex testing
-involuntary response to stimulus 3 types: deep tendon, superficial, pathological
51
Functional Performance Testing
grading system: 0-3 -used to establish baseline of function
52
Landing Error Scoring System (LESS)
identify individuals at high risk for ACL injuries ex: jump from 30 cm box to look for valgus movement -teach people how to land and/or strengthen muscles necessary to prevent valgus movement
53
Healing Process
Inflammatory, Fibroblastic-repair, maturation-remodeling
54
Primary Injury
chronic vs acute
55
Macrotraumatic
acute, immediate pain, fractures, sprains, dislocations
56
Microtraumatic
overuse, tendinitis, bursitis
57
Secondary Injury
inflammatory or hypoxin response
58
Inflammatory Response Chemical Mediators
Histamine: vasodilation and increased cell permeability, swelling and cell separation Swelling, tenderness, redness, hot to touch Leukotrienes and Prostaglandines: margination and increased permeability Cytokines: regulators of leukocyte traffic and help to attract leukocytes Clot formation, begins 12 hrs after injury and complete within 48 hrs
59
Inflammatory Response Duration
2-4 days
60
Fibroblastic-Repair Phase
Fibroplasia: active scar formation -may last 4-6 weeks -endothelial capillary buds develop allowing aerobic healing -increased blood flow for nutrient delivery -collagen deposited at day 6 or 7 (increase scar tensile strength)
61
Maturation-Remodeling Phase
-realignment of collagen -continued breakdown and synthesis of collagen -may require several years to complete -firm scar present after 3 weeks
62
Factors that impede healing
-edema -degree of injury -hemorrhage -poor vascular supply -atrophy -infection -health, age, nutrition
63
Wolff's Law
bone and soft tissue will respond to physical demands; remodeling and realignment
64
Nutritional importance for recovery
-production of energy -growth, repair, maintenance of body issues -regulation of body processes
65
Fats
primary source of energy
66
Proteins
critical for growth and repair
67
Synovial Joints
two or more bones to allow motion in one or more planes
68
Ligament Sprains
-dense connective tissue -sprains= damage -inelastic band, provides joint stability, controls bone position during joint motion, provides proprioceptive input
69
Sprain Grades
1- mild, minimal loss of function 2-moderate, instability, some tearing 3-complete rupture, instability, subluxation, other structures surrounding joint could also be damaged
70
Meniscus
hard to repair because of lack of blood supply
71
Cartilage
hyaline (bone joints) fibro (intervertebral disc, meniscus) elastic (ear, larynx)
72
Osteoarthritis
inflammation of joint, cartilage destruction, bone remodeling, and inflammation
73
Unhappy triad
MCL, ACL, medial meniscus and rotation, valgus force
74
Injuries conducive to osteoarthritic changes
-dislocations/subluxations -osteochondritis dissecans -recurrent synovial effusion and hemarthrosis -ligament damages resulting in altered mechanics and cartilage damage
75
Cartilage healing
-limited healing capacity (low blood supply) -fails to undergo clot formation or cellular response
76
Epiphysis
expanded portion at each end of bone that articulates with another bone
77
Diaphysis
shaft of bone
78
Epiphyseal plate
growth plate
79
Cancellous bone
spongy, air spaces, trabeculae
80
Cortical bone
impact, solid, contains medullary canal in long bone, lined with endosteum and filled with bone marrow
81
Bone
rich blood supply -stores and releases calcium into bloodstream -manufactures RBC -constantly undergoing remodeling with osteoblast and osteoclast activity
82
Acute bone fracture
-partial or complete disruption either closes or open (thru skin) -risk of infection increases with open fractures
83
Stress Fractures
-overuse or fatigue -remove from activity for 2+ weeks
84
Bone healing
-cartilage begins to infiltrate callus -osteoblasts proliferate, forming new bone -callus crystalizes, remodeling begins -osteoclasts clean up
85
Muscle characteristics
elastic, extensibility, irritability, contractility
86
Muscle strains
when unit is overstretched or forced to contract against too great a resistance -damage can occur to muscle, tendon, muscletendinous junction, tendon-bone interface
87
Strain Grades
1-some fibers stretched or torn 2- # of fibers torn and active contraction is painful 3- complete rupture of muscle, significant impairment, with great pian that diminishes with nerve damage
88
Personal factors in Rehab
injury severity, recovery, personality, self-esteem, motivation, coping skills and experience, athletic identity
89
Environment factors in rehab
sport/level, playing status, coach/team influence, support, rehab environment, scholarship status
90
Kubler-Ross Grief Model
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
91
Interventions for success for recovery
education, goal setting, mental skills including relaxation, imagery, concentration, and positive self talk
92
Proprioception
conscious/unconscious joint position
93
Kinesthesia
sensation of joint motion
94
Feed-forward
planning movements based on sensory info from past experience, preparatory
95
Feed-Back
continuously regulates muscle activity through reflexive pathways -reactive
96
Muscle activity enhances joint stability by:
-increased joint congruency -increased muscle stiffness -provides absorption of external loads
97
Articular Mechanoreceptors
specialized nerve endings that transduce mechanical tissue deformation into neural signals -more tissue deformation = higher firing neuron rate Types: pacinian corpuscles, meisner corpuscles, free nerve endings
98
Cutaneous Receptors
pressure and stretch receptors in skin
99
Facilitation
repetitive activation of synapses -memory recall of a signal (muscle memory)

Kines 411 (1 decks)

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