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Kines 411 > Kines 411 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Kines 411 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PTA

A

Post-traumatic Amnesia

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2
Q

LOC

A

Loss of consciousness

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3
Q

Contemporary Concussion Assessment

A

Symptoms, Neurocognitive assessment, balance assessment, cranial nerve assessment

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4
Q

Cumulative symptoms

A

ex: same hit causes 2x worse symptoms or less of a hit causes the same symptoms following a concussion

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5
Q

5 A’s

A

Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Audit

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6
Q

SAID Principle

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand; body adapts to stress and overload

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7
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

patient centered, validate practices, change practice with advances, provides accountability, uses concensus of scientific research

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8
Q

Overload

A

1) increase weight with increments
2) increase reps with same weight
3) increase rate with same weight

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9
Q

Sports Medicine Rehab

A

-aggressive approach
-competitive nature necessitates aggressiveness
-quick, safe, effective
-pushing too hard or not hard enough may have negative impact

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10
Q

Tight-rope approach

A

-overload but know limitations
-know the healing process
-modify inflammation response (timing), ice immediately

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11
Q

Early rehab

A

submax exercises in short bouts repeated several times daily

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12
Q

Late rehab

A

intensity increase, frequency decrease

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13
Q

Psychological aspects of rehab

A

emotional response, pain threshold, competitiveness, cooperation, depression/fear/anger/guilt

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14
Q

Pathomechanics

A

KT tape in opposite position to provide stability ex: taping ankle in dorsiflexion and eversion to avoid going opposite direction to hurt it

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15
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

muscular system, articular system, neural system
-each works together to provide structural and functional efficiency
-CNS facilitates neuromuscular control by sorting info from all 3 systems

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16
Q

Manual Therapy

A

joint mobilization, massage therapy (cross-friction, Granston technique)
Positives: good results
Negatives: time-consuming

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17
Q

Therapeutic Modeling

A

something that is done that optimizes environment for rehab
ex: heat packs, ice packs, infrared, ultra sound

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18
Q

Ultrasound benefits

A

heat to deeper structures than heat packs, but must move around instead of keep in one place

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19
Q

Electric stim

A

-timing, help with neural control, modifies pain, blocks the pain message (TENS units)

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20
Q

Short-Term Rehab Goals

A

-Re-establish core stability (appendages come off trunk)
-Range of Motion
-Progressive resistance exercise
-Cardio

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21
Q

POLICE

A

Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, compression, elevation

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22
Q

Ice packs

A

pain modifier, makes secondary cells membrane thicker (lowers interstitial fluid which decreases pressure), 25 min at least

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23
Q

Compression

A

fluid dynamics, push fluid out (away from pressure), not too tight (reduces blood flow)

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24
Q

Elevation

A

fluid runs down away from injured area, gravity working

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25
Q

Joint Position Sense

A

Mirror therapy, ROM, Progressions

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26
Q

Progression in Rehab

A

ex: heel raises at first to hops
ex: running in straight line then cutting/changing directions
ex: 1/2 speed to full speed

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27
Q

Functional Progression

A

Stabilization –> Strength –> Power
-progression based on response
-strength = force
-power = rate of force

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28
Q

Stabilization

A

correct muscle imbalances, prevent tissues for physical demands
-should progress from isometric to multi-planar

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29
Q

Recruiting Joint Stabilizers

A

improves neuro-muscular efficiency, core stability, functional strength and flexibility

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30
Q

Strength goals

A

progressive resistance exercises
goals: -challenge neuromuscular system
-increase cross-sectional diameter of muscle
-increase resistance to fatigue
-increase stabilization strength
-increase motor unit recruitment
-overcome scar tissue

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31
Q

Functional Testing

A

assesses ability to perform specific activity
ex: agility runs, vertical jumps, co-contraction tests

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32
Q

Factors for Returning to Play

A

-physiological health constraints
-pain status
-swelling
-range of motion
-strength
-neuromuscular control
-cardio
-sport-specific demand
-psychological factors

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33
Q

Evaluation Process

A

-Onsite eval @ time of injury
-onsite eval just following injury
-off site eval involving injury assessment and rehab plan
-follow up eval during rehab
-pre participation physicals

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34
Q

Systemic Differential Eval Process

A

Subjective: injury history and symptoms reported by patient
Objective: observation, palpation, ROM, strength, Special tests, neurological assessment, functional tests

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35
Q

Subjective eval

A

history of injury: patients impression, description of how it occurred and location and level of discomfort
site of injury: location and pain, consider normal, provoked, and pathologic tissue to develop plan

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36
Q

Behavior of Symptoms

A

-details
-quality
-regions
-severity
-timing

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37
Q

Objective eval

A

Visual inspection: gait, carrying position, muscle guarding, etc.
-bilateral comparison
-postural alignment
-ROM eliminate edema
-Signs of trauma (swelling, infection, bruising)
-Palpation (trigger pts, tenderness, tissue quality)

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38
Q

ROM

A

passive, active, against resistance
-compare bilaterally

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39
Q

Active ROM

A

patient contracts and moves themselves

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40
Q

Passive ROM

A

tissues are relaxed, PT or Doc moves body parts, assess end points, crepitus

41
Q

Arthrokinematic Motion

A

roll, glide, spin, hypermobility, hypomobility

42
Q

Special tests

A

joint stability, joint compression, passive tendon, anthropometric assessments

43
Q

Tight/Shortened muscles

A

must stretch them

44
Q

Loose/stretched muscles

A

Strengthen muscles

45
Q

Stretching

A

hold minimum 3 sets of 25-30 seconds for each muscle, do antagonist muscle group immediately after

46
Q

Anthropometric assessment

A

ex: measure swelling

47
Q

Neurologic Testing

A

sensory functioning, motor functioning (myotomes), reflex testing
Nerve roots: abnormal motor and sensory over a large area
Peripheral nerve: confined to more localized area

48
Q

Dermatome Testing

A

sensation, assess superficial sensation pain, deep pressure pain, sensitivity and temp.
-two point discrimination

49
Q

Myotome Testing

A

motor, simple muscle tests,
ex: scrunching toes, spreading fingers

50
Q

Reflex testing

A

-involuntary response to stimulus
3 types: deep tendon, superficial, pathological

51
Q

Functional Performance Testing

A

grading system: 0-3
-used to establish baseline of function

52
Q

Landing Error Scoring System (LESS)

A

identify individuals at high risk for ACL injuries ex: jump from 30 cm box to look for valgus movement
-teach people how to land and/or strengthen muscles necessary to prevent valgus movement

53
Q

Healing Process

A

Inflammatory, Fibroblastic-repair, maturation-remodeling

54
Q

Primary Injury

A

chronic vs acute

55
Q

Macrotraumatic

A

acute, immediate pain, fractures, sprains, dislocations

56
Q

Microtraumatic

A

overuse, tendinitis, bursitis

57
Q

Secondary Injury

A

inflammatory or hypoxin response

58
Q

Inflammatory Response Chemical Mediators

A

Histamine: vasodilation and increased cell permeability, swelling and cell separation
Swelling, tenderness, redness, hot to touch

Leukotrienes and Prostaglandines: margination and increased permeability

Cytokines: regulators of leukocyte traffic and help to attract leukocytes

Clot formation, begins 12 hrs after injury and complete within 48 hrs

59
Q

Inflammatory Response Duration

A

2-4 days

60
Q

Fibroblastic-Repair Phase

A

Fibroplasia: active scar formation
-may last 4-6 weeks
-endothelial capillary buds develop allowing aerobic healing
-increased blood flow for nutrient delivery
-collagen deposited at day 6 or 7 (increase scar tensile strength)

61
Q

Maturation-Remodeling Phase

A

-realignment of collagen
-continued breakdown and synthesis of collagen
-may require several years to complete
-firm scar present after 3 weeks

62
Q

Factors that impede healing

A

-edema
-degree of injury
-hemorrhage
-poor vascular supply
-atrophy
-infection
-health, age, nutrition

63
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone and soft tissue will respond to physical demands; remodeling and realignment

64
Q

Nutritional importance for recovery

A

-production of energy
-growth, repair, maintenance of body issues
-regulation of body processes

65
Q

Fats

A

primary source of energy

66
Q

Proteins

A

critical for growth and repair

67
Q

Synovial Joints

A

two or more bones to allow motion in one or more planes

68
Q

Ligament Sprains

A

-dense connective tissue
-sprains= damage
-inelastic band, provides joint stability, controls bone position during joint motion, provides proprioceptive input

69
Q

Sprain Grades

A

1- mild, minimal loss of function
2-moderate, instability, some tearing
3-complete rupture, instability, subluxation, other structures surrounding joint could also be damaged

70
Q

Meniscus

A

hard to repair because of lack of blood supply

71
Q

Cartilage

A

hyaline (bone joints)
fibro (intervertebral disc, meniscus)
elastic (ear, larynx)

72
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of joint, cartilage destruction, bone remodeling, and inflammation

73
Q

Unhappy triad

A

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus and rotation, valgus force

74
Q

Injuries conducive to osteoarthritic changes

A

-dislocations/subluxations
-osteochondritis dissecans
-recurrent synovial effusion and hemarthrosis
-ligament damages resulting in altered mechanics and cartilage damage

75
Q

Cartilage healing

A

-limited healing capacity (low blood supply)
-fails to undergo clot formation or cellular response

76
Q

Epiphysis

A

expanded portion at each end of bone that articulates with another bone

77
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of bone

78
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate

79
Q

Cancellous bone

A

spongy, air spaces, trabeculae

80
Q

Cortical bone

A

impact, solid, contains medullary canal in long bone, lined with endosteum and filled with bone marrow

81
Q

Bone

A

rich blood supply
-stores and releases calcium into bloodstream
-manufactures RBC
-constantly undergoing remodeling with osteoblast and osteoclast activity

82
Q

Acute bone fracture

A

-partial or complete disruption either closes or open (thru skin)
-risk of infection increases with open fractures

83
Q

Stress Fractures

A

-overuse or fatigue
-remove from activity for 2+ weeks

84
Q

Bone healing

A

-cartilage begins to infiltrate callus
-osteoblasts proliferate, forming new bone
-callus crystalizes, remodeling begins
-osteoclasts clean up

85
Q

Muscle characteristics

A

elastic, extensibility, irritability, contractility

86
Q

Muscle strains

A

when unit is overstretched or forced to contract against too great a resistance
-damage can occur to muscle, tendon, muscletendinous junction, tendon-bone interface

87
Q

Strain Grades

A

1-some fibers stretched or torn
2- # of fibers torn and active contraction is painful
3- complete rupture of muscle, significant impairment, with great pian that diminishes with nerve damage

88
Q

Personal factors in Rehab

A

injury severity, recovery, personality, self-esteem, motivation, coping skills and experience, athletic identity

89
Q

Environment factors in rehab

A

sport/level, playing status, coach/team influence, support, rehab environment, scholarship status

90
Q

Kubler-Ross Grief Model

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

91
Q

Interventions for success for recovery

A

education, goal setting, mental skills including relaxation, imagery, concentration, and positive self talk

92
Q

Proprioception

A

conscious/unconscious joint position

93
Q

Kinesthesia

A

sensation of joint motion

94
Q

Feed-forward

A

planning movements based on sensory info from past experience, preparatory

95
Q

Feed-Back

A

continuously regulates muscle activity through reflexive pathways
-reactive

96
Q

Muscle activity enhances joint stability by:

A

-increased joint congruency
-increased muscle stiffness
-provides absorption of external loads

97
Q

Articular Mechanoreceptors

A

specialized nerve endings that transduce mechanical tissue deformation into neural signals
-more tissue deformation = higher firing neuron rate
Types: pacinian corpuscles, meisner corpuscles, free nerve endings

98
Q

Cutaneous Receptors

A

pressure and stretch receptors in skin

99
Q

Facilitation

A

repetitive activation of synapses
-memory recall of a signal (muscle memory)

Kines 411 (1 decks)

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