kines 2140 (exam 1)

Question 1

define sport and exercise psychology

Answer 1

the study of the mental processes (thoughts, feelings) in relation to sport and exercise

Question 2

who can engage in sport or exercise?

Answer 2

any person that is interested in improving the mental side or who works with athletes

Question 3

what are the 3 practices for applying sport and exercise psy. ?

Answer 3

individualized approach, developing the skills and knowledge through practice, and using preventative throughout the process

Question 4

careers in sport and exercise psy. ?

Answer 4

consultants- help individuals improve performance, change behavior, enhance well being
sport psychologists- assess and rehabilitate serious psychological dysfunctions

Question 5

who was Dr Frank Henry?

Answer 5

discovered psychological aspects of sport and motor skill acquisition, and scientific approaches to physical education

Question 6

what are the predicted trends and issues in Canada?

Answer 6

increased specialization and diversification
increased research and teaching opportunities
increased demands for training in clinical psy.

Question 7

define personality

Answer 7

overall organization of psychological characteristics that differentiates us from others

Question 8

define humanistic approach

Answer 8

focuses on personal responsibility, growth, personal striving, and dignity, links to self actualizing

Question 9

define self actualizing

Answer 9

an individuals attempt to be the best he or she can be

Question 10

define trait approach

Answer 10

emphasizes that people’s traits dictate their behavior, regardless of the situation

Question 11

define social learning approach

Answer 11

behavior and attitudes are learned through experience, influenced by observing others and interactions with others (person = environment)

Question 12

define internationalist approach

Answer 12

personal and situational factors impact behavior, interplay between person and environment determines athletes behaviors (most popular approach)

Question 13

what are psychological traits?

Answer 13

a stable characteristic or quality that is a portion of one’s personality
ex) kindness, loyalty

Question 14

what are psychological states?

Answer 14

momentary feelings and thoughts that change depending on the situation and time
ex) anxious at dentist

Question 15

what are the five traits of the big 5 model? (OCEAN)

Answer 15

openness, consciousness, extra version, agreeable, and neuroticism

Question 16

define motivation

Answer 16

the internal processes such as your needs, thoughts, and emotions that give your behavior energy and direction

Question 17

theory of planned behavior

Answer 17

assumes that intentions are the strongest determinant of behavior (specifies 3 antecedents and a set of underlying beliefs for each)

Question 18

what are the antecedents of the theory of planned behavior?

Answer 18

attitudes- positive and negative feelings toward performing a behavior
subjective norms- degree to which a person feels social pressure to perform the behavior
perceived behavioral control- individuals perception that they have the ability to perform a behavior

Question 19

self determination theory

Answer 19

assumes that people have a natural tendency for personal growth and development

Question 20

intrinsic motivation

Answer 20

refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards

ex) participating in a sport because its fun rather than doing it to win an award

Question 21

integrated regulation

Answer 21

when a person has fully integrated a motivation within themselves
ex) a person attends church because they believe the act aligns with their personal belief system, even if they don’t enjoy it

Question 22

identified regulation

Answer 22

when a person identifies the benefits of engaging in behavior, see the value or importance of the activity

Question 23

introjected regulation

Answer 23

to approach ego enhancement and feelings of self worth or because you feel you should
ex) students who do their homework because parents insist

Question 24

external regulation

Answer 24

motivated to obtain external reward or avoid punishment

ex) teachers who use punishment whenever rules are broken

Question 25

define amotivation

Answer 25

lacking the intention to act or doing so passively

Question 26

what are the basic psychological needs

Answer 26

competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 27

define personal factors

Answer 27

physiological characteristics, personality, previous experiences

Question 28

define situational factors

Answer 28

what you say and do, advertisements, context, environmental factors

Question 29

self efficacy theory

Answer 29

a person's beliefs in their capabilities to perform a given task or behavior

Question 30

task self efficacy

Answer 30

belief that you can properly execute a specific task

Question 31

scheduling self efficacy

Answer 31

belief that you can schedule appropriately to fit in the behavior

Question 32

self regulatory /coping efficacy

Answer 32

confidence if ability to successfully maintain desired behavior when faced with adversity

Question 33

proxy efficacy

Answer 33

confidence an individual has for a significant other to assist them in successfully performing a task (coaching)

Question 34

collective efficacy

Answer 34

belief in the groups ability as a whole

Question 35

define past performance accomplishments (most influential)

Answer 35

drawing on success in the same or similar activities | ex) type of squat you've done in the past

Question 36

define vicarious experiences

Answer 36

experiencing something indirectly | ex) by viewing someone else perform the behavior, demonstration

Question 37

define social persuasion

Answer 37

verbal and non verbal methods used to increase self efficacy ex) positive reinforcement, encouragement, feedback, self talk

Question 38

define stressors

Answer 38

events, forces, or situations that have the potential to elicit physiological, cognitive, behavioral or effective responses ex) scores, crowds, opposing teams, injuries

Question 39

define arousal

Answer 39

the physiological or psychological within a person that varies in intensity, can result from stressors

Question 40

signs of arousal

Answer 40

excitement, nervousness, increased heart rate, clammy hands, sweating, increased muscle

Question 41

define cognitive appraisal

Answer 41

consists of a person's interpretation of a given situation or event

Question 42

define anxiety

Answer 42

negative emotional self talk characterized by feelings of worry, apprehension and high physiological arousal

Question 43

sign of anxiety

Answer 43

inability to concentrate, feeling ill, headache, dry mouth, constant sickness, difficulty sleeping

Question 44

define state anxiety

Answer 44

negative perception of arousal "in the moment"

Question 45

define trait anxiety

Answer 45

tendency to perceive events as threatening

Question 46

define cognitive anxiety

Answer 46

appraisal of how you are thinking and feeling (mental side)

Question 47

define somatic anxiety

Answer 47

appraisal of your physiological state (physical symptoms- butterflies in stomach)

Question 48

define coping

Answer 48

cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external /internal demands that tax or exceed a person's resources

Question 49

task oriented coping

Answer 49

deals directly with stress source and resulting thoughts and emotions, efforts aimed to solve the problem ex) trying to control initial arousal

Question 50

disengagement oriented coping

Answer 50

strategies to disengagement from the process | ex) going out drinking with friends to relieve stress

Question 51

distraction oriented coping

Answer 51

strategies to focus on internal and external stimuli that are unrelated

Question 52

drive theory

Answer 52

increased arousal leads to increased performance, implies that the more "psyched" up you get, the better you will perform (doesn't require a lot of thought) ex) doing a skill subconsciously like skating in hockey

Question 53

inverted U theory

Answer 53

as you increase physiological arousal, performance will increase in curvililinear fashion until you hit a moderate amount of physiological arousal, then performance will begin to drop (calmer state)

Question 54

individual zones of optimal functioning

Answer 54

different people perform optimally in different ranges of state anxiety

Question 55

cusp catastrophe theory

Answer 55

performance is determined by complex interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety, characterized by sudden shifts in behavior from small changes in circumstances

Question 56

low cognitive anxiety =

Answer 56

physiological arousal is related to performance in inverted U pattern

Question 57

high cognitive anxiety =

Answer 57

performance will increase in inverted U shape, then hits a point of catastrophe and drops

Question 58

define stress

Answer 58

experience that occurs when a situation is perceived as exceeding a person's resources

Question 59

when was the kick start of exercise programs as an academic discipline?

Answer 59

1960s-70s

Question 60

who developed the first the phd program in Canada?

Answer 60

Dr Rikk Alderman