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kines 2140 > kines 2140 (exam 1) > Flashcards

kines 2140 (exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

define sport and exercise psychology

A

the study of the mental processes (thoughts, feelings) in relation to sport and exercise

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2
Q

who can engage in sport or exercise?

A

any person that is interested in improving the mental side or who works with athletes

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3
Q

what are the 3 practices for applying sport and exercise psy. ?

A

individualized approach, developing the skills and knowledge through practice, and using preventative throughout the process

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4
Q

careers in sport and exercise psy. ?

A

consultants- help individuals improve performance, change behavior, enhance well being
sport psychologists- assess and rehabilitate serious psychological dysfunctions

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5
Q

who was Dr Frank Henry?

A

discovered psychological aspects of sport and motor skill acquisition, and scientific approaches to physical education

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6
Q

what are the predicted trends and issues in Canada?

A

increased specialization and diversification
increased research and teaching opportunities
increased demands for training in clinical psy.

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7
Q

define personality

A

overall organization of psychological characteristics that differentiates us from others

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8
Q

define humanistic approach

A

focuses on personal responsibility, growth, personal striving, and dignity, links to self actualizing

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9
Q

define self actualizing

A

an individuals attempt to be the best he or she can be

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10
Q

define trait approach

A

emphasizes that people’s traits dictate their behavior, regardless of the situation

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11
Q

define social learning approach

A

behavior and attitudes are learned through experience, influenced by observing others and interactions with others (person = environment)

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12
Q

define internationalist approach

A

personal and situational factors impact behavior, interplay between person and environment determines athletes behaviors (most popular approach)

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13
Q

what are psychological traits?

A

a stable characteristic or quality that is a portion of one’s personality
ex) kindness, loyalty

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14
Q

what are psychological states?

A

momentary feelings and thoughts that change depending on the situation and time
ex) anxious at dentist

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15
Q

what are the five traits of the big 5 model? (OCEAN)

A

openness, consciousness, extra version, agreeable, and neuroticism

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16
Q

define motivation

A

the internal processes such as your needs, thoughts, and emotions that give your behavior energy and direction

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17
Q

theory of planned behavior

A

assumes that intentions are the strongest determinant of behavior (specifies 3 antecedents and a set of underlying beliefs for each)

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18
Q

what are the antecedents of the theory of planned behavior?

A

attitudes- positive and negative feelings toward performing a behavior
subjective norms- degree to which a person feels social pressure to perform the behavior
perceived behavioral control- individuals perception that they have the ability to perform a behavior

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19
Q

self determination theory

A

assumes that people have a natural tendency for personal growth and development

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20
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards

ex) participating in a sport because its fun rather than doing it to win an award

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21
Q

integrated regulation

A

when a person has fully integrated a motivation within themselves
ex) a person attends church because they believe the act aligns with their personal belief system, even if they don’t enjoy it

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22
Q

identified regulation

A

when a person identifies the benefits of engaging in behavior, see the value or importance of the activity

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23
Q

introjected regulation

A

to approach ego enhancement and feelings of self worth or because you feel you should
ex) students who do their homework because parents insist

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24
Q

external regulation

A

motivated to obtain external reward or avoid punishment

ex) teachers who use punishment whenever rules are broken

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25
Q

define amotivation

A

lacking the intention to act or doing so passively

26
Q

what are the basic psychological needs

A

competence, autonomy, and relatedness

27
Q

define personal factors

A

physiological characteristics, personality, previous experiences

28
Q

define situational factors

A

what you say and do, advertisements, context, environmental factors

29
Q

self efficacy theory

A

a person’s beliefs in their capabilities to perform a given task or behavior

30
Q

task self efficacy

A

belief that you can properly execute a specific task

31
Q

scheduling self efficacy

A

belief that you can schedule appropriately to fit in the behavior

32
Q

self regulatory /coping efficacy

A

confidence if ability to successfully maintain desired behavior when faced with adversity

33
Q

proxy efficacy

A

confidence an individual has for a significant other to assist them in successfully performing a task (coaching)

34
Q

collective efficacy

A

belief in the groups ability as a whole

35
Q

define past performance accomplishments (most influential)

A

drawing on success in the same or similar activities

ex) type of squat you’ve done in the past

36
Q

define vicarious experiences

A

experiencing something indirectly

ex) by viewing someone else perform the behavior, demonstration

37
Q

define social persuasion

A

verbal and non verbal methods used to increase self efficacy
ex) positive reinforcement, encouragement, feedback, self talk

38
Q

define stressors

A

events, forces, or situations that have the potential to elicit physiological, cognitive, behavioral or effective responses
ex) scores, crowds, opposing teams, injuries

39
Q

define arousal

A

the physiological or psychological within a person that varies in intensity, can result from stressors

40
Q

signs of arousal

A

excitement, nervousness, increased heart rate, clammy hands, sweating, increased muscle

41
Q

define cognitive appraisal

A

consists of a person’s interpretation of a given situation or event

42
Q

define anxiety

A

negative emotional self talk characterized by feelings of worry, apprehension and high physiological arousal

43
Q

sign of anxiety

A

inability to concentrate, feeling ill, headache, dry mouth, constant sickness, difficulty sleeping

44
Q

define state anxiety

A

negative perception of arousal “in the moment”

45
Q

define trait anxiety

A

tendency to perceive events as threatening

46
Q

define cognitive anxiety

A

appraisal of how you are thinking and feeling (mental side)

47
Q

define somatic anxiety

A

appraisal of your physiological state (physical symptoms- butterflies in stomach)

48
Q

define coping

A

cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external /internal demands that tax or exceed a person’s resources

49
Q

task oriented coping

A

deals directly with stress source and resulting thoughts and emotions, efforts aimed to solve the problem
ex) trying to control initial arousal

50
Q

disengagement oriented coping

A

strategies to disengagement from the process

ex) going out drinking with friends to relieve stress

51
Q

distraction oriented coping

A

strategies to focus on internal and external stimuli that are unrelated

52
Q

drive theory

A

increased arousal leads to increased performance, implies that the more “psyched” up you get, the better you will perform (doesn’t require a lot of thought)
ex) doing a skill subconsciously like skating in hockey

53
Q

inverted U theory

A

as you increase physiological arousal, performance will increase in curvililinear fashion until you hit a moderate amount of physiological arousal, then performance will begin to drop (calmer state)

54
Q

individual zones of optimal functioning

A

different people perform optimally in different ranges of state anxiety

55
Q

cusp catastrophe theory

A

performance is determined by complex interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety, characterized by sudden shifts in behavior from small changes in circumstances

56
Q

low cognitive anxiety =

A

physiological arousal is related to performance in inverted U pattern

57
Q

high cognitive anxiety =

A

performance will increase in inverted U shape, then hits a point of catastrophe and drops

58
Q

define stress

A

experience that occurs when a situation is perceived as exceeding a person’s resources

59
Q

when was the kick start of exercise programs as an academic discipline?

A

1960s-70s

60
Q

who developed the first the phd program in Canada?

A

Dr Rikk Alderman

kines 2140 (1 decks)

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