Kinematics in One Direction Flashcards

1
Q

kinematics

A

the study of describing motion

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2
Q

distance traveled

A

length of the path travelled (d.t.)

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3
Q

displacement

A

a measurement of the line distance from the initial position to the final position (∆x)

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4
Q

ratio

A

a comparison of one quantity with another

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5
Q

average speed

A

the ratio of the distance travelled over the time interval (d.t./∆t)

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6
Q

instantaneous speed

A

the average speed when there is constant speed

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7
Q

constant speed

A

when the average speed doesn’t change over a time interval

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8
Q

average velocity

A

a quantity that measures the ratio of the line distance from the initial position to the final position over the time interval and must include direction (AV)

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9
Q

equation for average speed

A

d.t./∆t

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10
Q

equation for average velocity

A

(xf - xi)/(tf - ti)= ∆x/∆t

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11
Q

instantaneous velocity

A

the average velocity when there is constant velocity

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12
Q

constant velocity

A
  1. when the AV doesn’t change over a time interval
  2. when the IV doesn’t change over a time interval
  3. when the AS is constant and the object doesn’t change direction
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13
Q

opposite direction

A

180º away from the 1st direction

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14
Q

uniform motion

A

constant velocity

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15
Q

negative average velocity

A

the object is moving in the opposite direction

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16
Q

magnitude

17
Q

GUESF process

A
  1. Given
  2. Unknown
  3. Equation
  4. Substitute
  5. Final
18
Q

coordinate system

A

a method to determine the location of an object

19
Q

sign convention

A

completely arbitrary way to designate the direction of something

20
Q

vector quanitity

A

things that we measure that have magnitude and direcition

21
Q

scalar quantity

A

things that we measure that have ONLY magnitude NO and direcition

22
Q

average acceleration

A

a quantity that measures the change in instantaneous velocity over a time interval (∆v/∆t)

23
Q

equation for average acceleration

A

(vf - vi)/(tf - ti)=(∆v/∆t) also vf = vi + a(bar) * ∆t

24
Q

accelerometer

A

an instrument that tells you the direction of average acceleration

25
direction of the average velocity
the same as the direction in which the object is moving
26
what you need to know to determine direction of acceleration
1. whether or not the velocity is increasing or decreasing | 2. direction of the velocity
27
what you need to know to determine direction of velocity
1. direction that the object is moving
28
if the velocity is increasing...
...then the direction of the average acceleration is the same as the direction of the velocity.
29
if the velocity is decreasing...
...then the direction of the average acceleration is the opposite as the direction of the velocity.
30
the acceleration is positive when...
...the velocity is: 1. increasing and positive or 2. decreasing and negative
31
the acceleration is negative when...
...the velocity is: 1. increasing and negative or 2. decreasing and positive
32
increasing
going from 0 to something
33
decreasing
going from something to 0
34
inclined track
a non horizontal track
35
angle of incline
the angle at which the plane/track is inclined (θ)
36
constant acceleration
when the average acceleration for any given time interval is the same within that time interval
37
instantaneous acceleration
the acceleration at any instant when the average acceleration for any given time interval is the same within that time interval
38
volume
a measurement of an object's space
39
"stuff"
measured using a balance