Kinematics in One Direction Flashcards
kinematics
the study of describing motion
distance traveled
length of the path travelled (d.t.)
displacement
a measurement of the line distance from the initial position to the final position (∆x)
ratio
a comparison of one quantity with another
average speed
the ratio of the distance travelled over the time interval (d.t./∆t)
instantaneous speed
the average speed when there is constant speed
constant speed
when the average speed doesn’t change over a time interval
average velocity
a quantity that measures the ratio of the line distance from the initial position to the final position over the time interval and must include direction (AV)
equation for average speed
d.t./∆t
equation for average velocity
(xf - xi)/(tf - ti)= ∆x/∆t
instantaneous velocity
the average velocity when there is constant velocity
constant velocity
- when the AV doesn’t change over a time interval
- when the IV doesn’t change over a time interval
- when the AS is constant and the object doesn’t change direction
opposite direction
180º away from the 1st direction
uniform motion
constant velocity
negative average velocity
the object is moving in the opposite direction
magnitude
amount
GUESF process
- Given
- Unknown
- Equation
- Substitute
- Final
coordinate system
a method to determine the location of an object
sign convention
completely arbitrary way to designate the direction of something
vector quanitity
things that we measure that have magnitude and direcition
scalar quantity
things that we measure that have ONLY magnitude NO and direcition
average acceleration
a quantity that measures the change in instantaneous velocity over a time interval (∆v/∆t)
equation for average acceleration
(vf - vi)/(tf - ti)=(∆v/∆t) also vf = vi + a(bar) * ∆t
accelerometer
an instrument that tells you the direction of average acceleration
direction of the average velocity
the same as the direction in which the object is moving
what you need to know to determine direction of acceleration
- whether or not the velocity is increasing or decreasing
2. direction of the velocity
what you need to know to determine direction of velocity
- direction that the object is moving
if the velocity is increasing…
…then the direction of the average acceleration is the same as the direction of the velocity.
if the velocity is decreasing…
…then the direction of the average acceleration is the opposite as the direction of the velocity.
the acceleration is positive when…
…the velocity is:
- increasing and positive or
- decreasing and negative
the acceleration is negative when…
…the velocity is:
- increasing and negative or
- decreasing and positive
increasing
going from 0 to something
decreasing
going from something to 0
inclined track
a non horizontal track
angle of incline
the angle at which the plane/track is inclined (θ)
constant acceleration
when the average acceleration for any given time interval is the same within that time interval
instantaneous acceleration
the acceleration at any instant when the average acceleration for any given time interval is the same within that time interval
volume
a measurement of an object’s space
“stuff”
measured using a balance
