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Physics > Kinematics and Dynamics > Flashcards

Kinematics and Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

British/Imperial System (FPS)

A

Foot, Pound, Second

rarely used by MCAT

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2
Q

Metric Systm (MKS)

A 
Length -> Meter
Mass -> Kilogram
Time -> Second
Current -> Ampere
Mole -> Mol
Temperature -> Kelvin
Luminous Intensity -> Candela
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3
Q

Base vs Derived Units

A

B: standard units a system is designed around (seconds, kgs)

D: base units associated together (newton, joule, watt) for force, energy and power)

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4
Q

Angstroms

A

1 A = 10^-10 m

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5
Q

Electron volt

A

energy gained by an electron accelerating through a 1 V potential difference

1eV = 1.6*10^-19

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6
Q

Vectors (Bold)

A

numbers with magnitude and direction (displacement, velocity, acceleration, force)

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7
Q

Scalars (italic)

A

numbers only with magnitude

distance, speed, energy, mass, pressure

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8
Q

Resultant

A

sum or difference of two or more vectors

sum of A and B is to place tail of B at tip of A, the sum will be tail of A to the tip of B

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9
Q

Right Traingle for Vectors

V = Hyp
X and Y

A 
X = Vcos theta
Y = V sin theta

V = X^2 + Y^2

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10
Q

Angle of Resultant Vector

A

theta = tan^-1 (Y/X)

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11
Q

Steps to Finding Results via Components

A

1) Resolve vectors into X and Y components
2) add all x components for Rx ; add all y components for Ry
3) Magnitude of resultant is sqrt(Rx^2 + Ry^2)
4) Direction is theta= tan-1 (Ry/Rx)

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12
Q

Vector Subtraction

A

like addition but subtract all x components from each toher and all y components from each other

A - B = A + (-B)

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13
Q

Multiplying Vectors by scalars

A

R = (n) A where n = scalar

magnitude is A* abs(n)
direction depends on sign where negative n is opposite directions and positive n is same direction

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14
Q

If vector A is multiplied by scalar -3, then new Vector B is…

A

three times as long as A and in opposite directions

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15
Q

Multiplying 2 Vectors: Dot Product

A

develops scalar quantity like work (F * D)

A * B = (A)(B) cos (theta)

where ( ) is the resultant value of the vectors ex: sqrt (Ax^2 + Ay^2)

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16
Q

Multiplying 2 Vectors: Cross Product

A

when generating a third vector and needing its magnitude and direction like torque

A x B = (A) (B) sin (theta)

where ( ) is the resultant value of the vectors ex: sqrt (Ax^2 + Ay^2)

**use right hand rule to determine the direction!

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17
Q

The resultant of a cross product will always be ____ to the plane created by the two vectors

A

perpendicular

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18
Q

Displacement (x)

A

an object in motion may experience a change in its position in space.

Vector quantity, ONLY NET CHANGE DOESNT CONSIDER PATH

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19
Q

Distance (d)

A

considers path taken and is a scalar quantity compared to displacement

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20
Q

Velocity (v)

A

vector and is the rate of change of displacement in given time

(m/s)

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21
Q

Speed

A

distance traveled in a given time

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22
Q

Instantaneous Speed vs Instantaneous Velocity

A

IS is equal to the magnitude of IV

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23
Q

Instantaneous Velocity

A

V = lim as t -> 0 of dx/dt

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24
Q

Average Velocity

A

V = delta x / delta t

where delta x is change in position

25
Q

Average Speed

A

v = d/t

26
Q

Force

A

vector quantity causing a pushing or pulling between two objects that are not necessarily touching

Newtons

27
Q

Gravity

A

attractive force felt by all forms of matter

all objects exert a gravitational force on each other

28
Q

Magnitude of Gravitational Force

A

F = ( Gm1m2 )/ (r^2)

r is distance between the two center of massses

29
Q

Friction

A

force that opposes the movement of objects

two types: statc and kinetic

30
Q

Static Friction (fs)

A

between a stationary object and surface

0 < fs < usN

ranges between 0 and the max force generated from static friction coefficient and normal force

31
Q

Coefficient of Static Friction

A

unitless quantity dependant on the two materials in contact

32
Q

Kinetic Friction (fk)

A

SLIDING object and material it slides over

fk = ukN

always constant value! smaller than us

33
Q

Difference between us and uk

A

uK is always smaller than uS and is constant

34
Q

Mass (m)

A

amount of matter in the object, body’s inertia

scalar and independent of gravity

35
Q

Weight (Fg)

A

measure of gravitational force on a objects mass

Newtons

Fg = m*g

36
Q

Only for a ____ body with ___ shape and uniform density can the center of gravity be located in the _____

A

homegenous symetrical, center

37
Q

Acceleration (a)

A

rate of change of velocity an object experiences as a result of some applied force

vector quantty

a = dV/dt

38
Q

Instantaneous Acceleration

A

a = lim as t -> 0 of dV/dT

39
Q

Tangent line of V vs T graph is….is positiv slope…if negative slope….

A

acceleration

aceeleration is positive and in direction of velocity

acceleration is negative and against velocity

40
Q

Newtons First Law

A

F = ma = 0

Law of Inertia

body either at rest or in motion with constant velocity will remain as such unless a net force acts on it.

41
Q

Newtons Second Law

A

F=ma

An object of mass m will accelerate when vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector

42
Q

Newtons Third Law

A

Fab == - Fab

To every action there is an opposed but equal reaction

no physical contact is necessary

43
Q

Linear Motion

A

objects velocity and acceleration are along the line of motion so object continues in a straight line

not just vertical or horizontal

44
Q

One Dimensional Equations

A

v = vo + at
x =Vot + (at^2)/2
V^2 = vo^2 + 2ax
x = Vt

z = displacement 
V = average velocity
45
Q

During free fall problems, the velocity when ball is at its maximum height is ___

A

0!

46
Q

Air resistance increases as the speed of an object _____ , the object ten experiences _______ as the magnitude of velocity increases. Eventually, this will be equal in magnitude to the weight of the object and object will fall with constant velocity according to newtons 1st law known as _______

A

increases, drag force, terminal velocity

47
Q

Projectile Motion

A

follows a path along 2 dimensions with velocities and accelerations in two directions that are independent of one another

vy changes at rate gravity but vx will remain constant!!

48
Q

Inclined Planes

A

motion in two directions
Fgx = mgsin(theta)
Fgy = mgcos(theta)

49
Q

Circular Motion

A

force causes object to move in circular pathway, displacement in one loop is 0

50
Q

Uniform Circular Motion

A

instantaneous velocity vector is tangent to circular path, meaning inertia makes it want to escape in a tangent path

51
Q

Centripetal Force

A

force radially inward which prevents object from escaping uniform circular motion

Fc =( mv^2 )/ r

52
Q

In uniform circular motion, the tangential force is _____ because there is no change in the ___ of the object

A

0 , speed

53
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

generated by the centripetal force

54
Q

Translational Motion

A

force causes an object to move without any rotation, usually linear

55
Q

Translational Equilibirum

A

vector sum of all the forces acting on an object is equal to zero, similar to Newtons first law

object will have constant velocity: a constant speed (0 or non zero value) and a constant direction

56
Q

Rotational Motion

A

when forces applied against an object cause object to rotate around a pivot point known as fulcrium

57
Q

Torque

A

moment of force

r x F = rF sin (theta)

r = length of lever arm

58
Q

Rotational Equilibrium

A

vector sum of all torques is equal to 0

clockwise = negative

counterclockwise = positive

Physics (4 decks)

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