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Physics - Math MCAT > Kinematics And Dynamics > Flashcards

Kinematics And Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Units of the British Imperial System

A

Foot, pounds and second

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2
Q

Metric system units

A

Meters, kilograms, seconds -> centimetres, grams, seconds

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3
Q

Base units?

A

Standard units of a measurement system

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4
Q

Derived units?

A

Fusing or associating base units with each other

Ex: Newton - kg m / s^2

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5
Q

Vectors?

A

Values that have both magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Scalar?

A

Value only has magnitude and no direction.

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7
Q

Resultant?

A

Sum of vectors.

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8
Q

Tip to tail method?

A

Method of vector addition:

Tail of B to tip of A -> line obtained is the magnitude of A + B

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9
Q

Breaking components?

A

Method of vector addition:

Vectors broken into horizontal and vertical ie. X and Y / perpendicular and parallel components.

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10
Q

How to find components of vector?

A

X and Y components can be found from V by drawing right triangle using V as hypotenuse. X is adjacent and Y is opposite.

As cos O = adj by hyp and sin O = opp by hyp ->

X = V cos O and Y = V sin O

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11
Q

Cos O?

A

Adjacent by hypotenuse

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12
Q

Sin O?

A

Opposite by hypotenuse

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13
Q

How to obtain vector from components?

A

Tip to tail method -> use Pythagorean theorem to obtain hypotenuse value.

V^2 = X^2 + Y^2

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14
Q

How to subtract vectors?

A

Add vector of equal magnitude but opposite direction/sign to first vector.

A - B = A + (-B)

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15
Q

How to multiply vectors and scalars?

A
  • Magnitude will change.
  • Value may be anti-parallel (scalar n is -ve) or parallel (n is +ve)
  • A*n = B
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16
Q

How to multiply two vectors to obtain a scalar value?

A

Dot product method

A . B = A x B cos 0

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17
Q

How to multiply two vectors to obtain a vector?

A

Cross-product method:

A x B = A x B sin 0

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18
Q

How to determine direction of cross product?

A

C = A x B

Right hand rule - thumb = A, index = B, palm = C

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19
Q

What is displacement?

A

Object in motion experiencing change in position - ie. Displacement (x or d).
Vector quantity, magnitude and direction.
Linearly connects initial and final position - not actual pathway, net change in position.

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20
Q

Distance?

A

Change in position in space.
Scalar, magnitude only.
Considers pathway taken.

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21
Q

Velocity?

A

Vector, magnitude and direction.
Rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time.
SI unit is m/s.
Vector direction same direction displacement.
^X / ^T = V

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22
Q

Speed?

A

Rate of change of distance in a given unit of time.
Scalar quantity.
^D / ^T = V

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23
Q

Instantaneous velocity and instantaneous speed?

A

I speed = I velocity magnitude. I speed is scalar.
I velocity is the average velocity as the change in time approaches zero.

Vi = ^X / ^T
[lim ^T -> 0]

24
Q

Average speed and average velocity?

A

A speed not always equal to A velocity.
A velocity ratio of X over ^T.
A speed ratio of D over ^T.

25
Q

Force?

A

Vector quantity.
Experienced as pushing or pulling.
Exists between objects with a distance in between them.
SI unit is Newton ie. kg m / s^2

26
Q

Gravity?

A

Attractive force felt by all of matter.

Fg = Gm1m2 / r^2

G (gravitational constant) = 6.67 x 10 ^-11 Nm^2 / Kg ^2

G inversely proportional r^2.

G proportional m1, m2.

27
Q

Friction?

A

Force opposing movement of object - slowing it down to stationary state.
Type: Static friction and kinetic friction.

28
Q

Static friction?

A

Experienced between stationary object and surface it rests on.

(Min) 0 <= fs <= Ms N (Max)

Ms = Static friction coefficient
N = Normal force

Applied force less than threshold will not move object.

29
Q

Kinetic friction?

A

Force between sliding object and surface it is on.

Fk = Mk N

Fk is constant.

Ms > Mk

30
Q

Mass?

A

Amount of matter in an object - independent of gravity.
Scalar quantity.
SI unit is Kg.

31
Q

Weight?

A

Measure of gravitational force on mass.
Vector quantity.
SI unit is Newton ie Kg m / s^2

Fg = m g

Fg = weight
g = 9.8 m/s

32
Q

Centre of mass?

A

Defined relative to an object or system of objects.
Average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses.

X = m1x1 + m2x2 / m1 + m2

33
Q

Acceleration?

A

Rate of change of velocity of an object due to applied force.
Vector quantity.
SI unit is m/s^2.

If it opposes initial velocity then it causes deceleration.

Avg a = ^V / ^T

34
Q

Instantaneous acceleration?

A

Average acceleration as ^T approaches 0.
a = ^V / ^T [lim ^T -> 0]

35
Q

Velocity vs time?

A

If slope is downwards ie. -ve, a is -ve.
If slope is upwards ie. +ve, a is +ve.

36
Q

Newtons 1st law?

A

A body will remain in rest or constant motion unless a force acts on it.

F net = m a = 0

37
Q

Newtons 2nd law?

A

Object of mass m, will accelerate when vector sum is not equal to 0.

F net = m a

F and a are in the same direction.

38
Q

Newtons 3rd law?

A

Every force has an equal and opposite reaction.

Fab = -Fba

39
Q

Types of motion?

A

Constant (no acceleration) or changing (with acceleration).

40
Q

Linear motion?

A

Velocity and acceleration are in the same line of motion, continuing along same line as object.
Linear motion with constant acceleration.

41
Q

Velocity of object in constant motion?

A

Vf = vi + at

42
Q

What is free fall?

A

Object falling with constant acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8m/s^2) and would not reach terminal velocity.

43
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

Air resistance opposes object motion, proportionally to object speed - increase in drag force with increase in velocity.

When DF = weight of obj, object falls with constant + terminal velocity.

44
Q

Projectile motion?

A

Motion path of object is 2 dimensional. Velocity and acceleration move independent of each other.

45
Q

Inclined planes?

A

Motion path of object is 2 dimensional. Force vectors have parallel and perpendicular components (with respect to the plane)

46
Q

Parallel force vector of inclined plane?

A

Fg = mgsin0

47
Q

Perpendicular force vector of inclined plane?

A

Fg = mgcos0

48
Q

Circular motion?

A

Force causes object to move in circular pathway. Hence, displacement of object is 0.

49
Q

Uniform circular motion?

A

Vinst is tangential to circular path and is kept in path by inward facing centripetal force.

50
Q

Centripetal force?

A

Has a radial and tangential force (0, no change in speed) components. Generates constant acceleration.

51
Q

Magnitude of centripetal force?

A

Fc = mv^2/r

52
Q

Translational equilibrium?

A

Occurs when forces cause object to move with out rotation. They may be linear, parabolic or inclined.

53
Q

Translational equilibrium condition?

A

Vector sum of forces on an object are zero, ie. 1st condition of equilibrium.

Constant velocity, speed and direction.

54
Q

Rotational equilibrium condition?

A

Forces applied causing object to move around fixed pivot fulcrum at some distance to generate torque which generates rotational motion.

55
Q

Torque?

A

T = r * F = rFsin0

56
Q
A

Physics - Math MCAT (1 decks)

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