Kinematics

Question 1

What is kinematics?

Answer 1

describes the motion of an object or body

Question 2

How is distance travelled?

Answer 2

• horizontally eg. running distance.
• vertically eg. jump height.
• by a part of the body eg. stride length, limb displacement.

Question 3

How do we know how fast something is moving?

Answer 3

Running speed

Stride parameters

Question 4

How is speed altered?

Answer 4

Acceleration
Deceleration
Change of direction

Question 5

What is a vector?

Answer 5

have a magnitude and direction

Question 6

What is a scalar?

Answer 6

have magnitude but not direction

Question 7

What is a distance?

Answer 7

the length of a path taken

scalar

Question 8

What is displacement?

Answer 8

the difference between the starting and finishing points

vector

Question 9

What is speed?

Answer 9

the rate which something moves from one position to another

Question 10

What is velocity?

Answer 10

the rate at which something moves from one position to another in specified direction

vector

Question 11

What is acceleration?

Answer 11

the change in velocity with respect to time

caused by a force

Question 12

What is positive acceleration?

Answer 12

speeding up

Question 13

What is negative acceleration?

Answer 13

slowing down

Question 14

What is a stride?

Answer 14

complete cycle of movement from the contact of a specific foot to the next contact of the same foot

Question 15

What is stride time?

Answer 15

the time taken for a complete stride

Question 16

What is stride length?

Answer 16

the distance travelled during one complete stride

Question 17

What is stride frequency?

Answer 17

the number of strides per second

Question 18

What is the duty factor?

Answer 18

stance phase as a proportion of the stride time

Question 19

What is swing phase?

Answer 19

the portion of the stride for which a foot is not in contact with the ground

Question 20

What is stance phase?

Answer 20

the portion of the stride for which a foot is in contact with the ground

Question 21

What kinematic factors might limit athletic performance?

Answer 21

power
limb force
leg swing

Question 22

What are uses of kinematic?

Answer 22

• When an animal is injured, normal kinematic variables
are likely to change.
• The most basic example is that an injured animal is most
likely to move slower.
• Kinematic measurements are used in order to detect and
quantify ‘lameness’.
• This is most commonly carried out in horses, livestock
(particularly cattle) and dogs.
• Taking basic kinematic measurements of the whole body
and body segments, as well as stride kinematics can give
an indication of the location and severity of an injury.