Kinematics Flashcards
1
Q
What is the oldest of all physical sciences?
A
Mechanics
2
Q
Mechanics deals with the study of ______ of objects.
A
motion
3
Q
True or False: Everything in the universe is in a state of motion.
A
True
4
Q
Name the two main branches of mechanics.
A
Kinematics and Dynamics
5
Q
Which branch of mechanics studies motion without considering its causes?
A
Kinematics
6
Q
Kinematics is derived from the Greek word for ______.
A
motion
7
Q
A body is at rest with respect to an observer if it does not change its ______.
A
position
8
Q
A body is in motion with respect to an observer if it changes its ______.
A
position
9
Q
What is the location of an object relative to some reference called?
A
Position
10
Q
True or False: Earth is usually taken as the reference for position.
A
True
11
Q
In an airplane, what is the most convenient reference to describe a person’s position?
A
The airplane
12
Q
Name the three main types of motion.
A
Translatory, Rotatory, Vibratory
13
Q
Which type of motion occurs in a straight line?
A
Rectilinear Motion
14
Q
Which type of motion occurs in a curved path?
A
Curvilinear Motion
15
Q
Which type of motion is irregular and unpredictable?
A
Random Motion
16
Q
What type of motion does a spinning wheel exhibit?
A
Rotatory Motion
17
Q
The repeated forward and backward motion of an object is called ______ motion.
A
Vibratory
18
Q
Which type of motion is seen in the oscillation of a mass attached to a spring?
A
Vibratory Motion
19
Q
True or False: The motion of a cricket ball can have both translatory and rotatory motion.
A
True
20
Q
A body can be at rest and in motion at the same time. (True/False)
A
True
21
Q
What determines whether a body is at rest or in motion?
A
The observer
22
Q
Fill in the blank: Motion and rest are not absolute but ______.
A
relative
23
Q
An observer in a moving train sees another passenger as ______.
A
at rest
24
Q
An observer on the ground sees a person in a moving train as ______.
A
in motion
25
What does a student see when a teacher moves in the classroom?
The teacher is in motion.
26
What does the teacher see while moving in the classroom?
The students appear to be moving.
27
What are the two types of physical quantities based on directional properties?
Scalars and Vectors
28
What is a scalar quantity?
A quantity that has only magnitude.
29
Give an example of a scalar quantity.
Mass, Speed, Distance, density, charge, volume, power, electrical resistance, electric current, heart,Energy, Temperature, etc.
30
What is a vector quantity?
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
31
Give an example of a vector quantity.
Velocity, Weight, Force, Friction, etc.
32
How is a vector represented symbolically?
By a boldface letter or a letter with an arrow over it.
33
True or False: Scalars can be added using ordinary algebra.
True
34
True or False: Vectors require both magnitude and direction for complete description.
True
35
What does the length of an arrow in a vector diagram represent?
The magnitude of the vector.
36
What does the arrowhead in a vector diagram indicate?
The direction of the vector.
37
What are the two main coordinate systems used to represent vectors?
Geographical and Cartesian Coordinate Systems
38
What are the four directions in the Geographical Coordinate System?
North, East, West, South (NEWS)
39
What are the two axes in the Cartesian Coordinate System?
X-axis and Y-axis
40
What is the intersection point of X and Y axes called?
Origin
41
List the steps to represent a vector in a coordinate system.
1. Draw a coordinate system, 2. Select a scale, 3. Draw a line in the direction, 4. Cut the line to the magnitude, 5. Put an arrow.
42
What is the NEWS coordinate system used for?
To describe the position of an object in terms of east, west, North, south.
43
True or False: The Cartesian coordinate system corresponds to the geographical coordinate system.
True
44
What is the position of an object in a rectangular coordinate system?
In a rectangular coordinate system origin can serve as a reference point.
45
Which of these is a frame of reference? (a) A moving car (b) A coordinate system (c) A force acting on an object (d) A stationary observer
A coordinate system
46
If one or more coordinates of an object change it is said to be in ______.
Motion
47
True or False: Motion can be described using only one axis in one-dimensional motion.
True
48
What is distance?
The length of path travel between two positions or points is called distance.
49
Which of these is a scalar quantity? (a) Distance (b) Displacement (c) Velocity (d) Acceleration
Distance
50
When is distance equal to displacement?
In a straight path distance is said to be equal to the displacement (distance is always greater than or equal to the displaceme).
51
True or False: Distance has both magnitude and direction.
False
52
Can distance be zero?
No distance cannot be zero it always increases.
53
What is displacement
Shortest directed distance between two positions
54
Which of these statements is true about displacement? (a) It is always equal to distance (b) It can be greater than distance (c) It is the shortest path between two points (d) It is not a vector
It is the shortest path between two points
55
Displacement has both magnitude and ______.
direction
56
True or False: Displacement can be zero even if distance is not zero.
True
57
where displacement is smaller than distance.
Distance does not have specific direction thus covering any length of path causes the distance to increase while displacement has a specific direction.
58
What is the measure of distance covered with passage of time called?
Speed
59
Which formula is used to calculate speed? (a) s = d/t (b) s = v × t (c) s = m × a (d) s = F/m
s = d/t
60
Speed is usually denoted by ______.
S
61
True or False: The magnitude of displacement is always equal to the total distance.
False
62
What quantity is speed give reason?
Speed is said to be a scalar quantity but because it does not have a specific direction.
63
What is the SI unit of speed?
m/s or ms⁻¹
64
Which quantity tells how fast an object is moving?
Speed
65
What is the formula for average speed?
Total distance / Total time
66
If a car travels 155 km in 3.5 hours what is its average speed?
We can calculate the average speed by dividing the total distance which is 1505 km by the time taken which is 3.5 hours so the answer will be 44.3 km per hour.
67
What symbol is used to represent change in a quantity?
Greek letter Delta (Δ)
68
True or False: Instantaneous speed is the speed at a particular moment.
True
69
What does "Δs" represent in kinematics?
Change in displacement
70
Which speed does a car’s speedometer show?
Instantaneous speed
71
If the speed of an object remains constant over time
it is called ______ speed.
Uniform
72
What is variable speed?
Speed that changes over time
73
If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time then speed will be
Non uniform or variable
74
True or False: When a body moves with uniform speedits average and instantaneous speed are different.
False
75
Usain Bolt ran 100 m in 9.58 seconds. What was his average speed?
10.44 m/s (100m\9.58s)
76
True or False: The formula for average speed is used for Usain Bolt’s speed because his speed varied during the run.
True
77
Convert 0.0024 m/s to km/h.
0.000066 km/h
78
Convert Shoaib Akhtar’s bowling speed of 161.3 km/h to m/s.
44.8 m/s
79
True or False: Instantaneous speed is always greater than average speed.
False
80
Which formula is used to calculate instantaneous speed?
v = Limit (Δs/Δt) as Δt → 0
81
If a body moves with uniform speed average and ______ speed are equal.
Instantaneous
82
What is the formula for velocity?
Velocity = Displacement / Time
83
True or False: Velocity is a scalar quantity.
False
84
What is the SI unit of velocity?
m/s (meter per second)
85
How is velocity different from speed?
Velocity includes direction
86
What is the fastest speed in the universe?
Speed of light (1.1×10⁹ km\h)
87
What is instantaneous velocity?
Velocity at a very short time interval
88
What is the formula for instantaneous velocity?
v = Limit (Δs/Δt)
Delta t--->0
89
True or False: The average velocity can be negative.
True
90
What does it mean if the average velocity is negative?
The displacement is in the opposite direction
91
What happens to instantaneous velocity on a curved path?
It is tangent to the path
92
What is required for an object to have uniform velocity?
Average and instantaneous velocity must be equal
93
True or False: The average velocity always conveys detailed motion information.
False
94
How does average velocity differ from instantaneous velocity?
Average velocity gives net displacement by total time but instantaneous velocity is for very short time
95
What is the formula for average velocity?
96
True or False: Displacement is a vector quantity.
True
97
What is the unit for speed?
m/s or km/h
98
Does a bodymoving in a circle at constant speed has zero acceleration
No a body moving in a circular path does not have constant acceleration because acceleration includes both direction and magnitude but in a circular path direction changes does acceleration does not equal zero.
99
Why does a car moving in a circle at constant speed have acceleration?
Because its direction is changing
100
What is the average velocity if displacement is zero?
Zero
101
How do you describe motion where average and instantaneous velocity are not equal?
Non-uniform motion
102
What happens to velocity in non-uniform motion?
It changes in magnitude or direction
103
If a car moves at constant speed but turns is it accelerating?
Yes because direction changes.
104
What is required for an object to be in uniform motion?
Constant velocity with no change in direction
105
What happens if speed changes but direction remains the same?
The object is accelerating
106
What is the formula for average velocity?
107
True or False: Velocity is a scalar quantity.
False
108
What is the SI unit of velocity?
m/s (meter per second)
109
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Velocity includes direction; speed does not
110
What is the formula for instantaneous velocity?
v = Limit (Δs/Δt)
Δt → 0
111
True or False: Average speed and average velocity are always equal.
False
112
What is the formula for acceleration?
a = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time
113
True or False: Acceleration is a scalar quantity.
False
114
What is the SI unit of acceleration?
m/s² (meter per second squared)
115
What is deceleration?
Negative acceleration when velocity decreases
116
What happens when velocity and acceleration are in opposite directions?
The object slows down (decelerates)
117
What is the formula for instantaneous acceleration?
a = Limit (Δv/Δt)
Δt → 0
118
What does it mean for an object to have uniform acceleration?
Its average and instantaneous acceleration are equal
119
True or False: A slowing car always has negative acceleration.
False
(this does not ALWAYS happen)
120
Why do roller coasters feel thrilling?
Because of rapid changes in acceleration
121
What is the formula for velocity?
Velocity = Displacement / Time
122
True or False: Velocity is a scalar quantity.
False
123
How is velocity different from speed?
Velocity includes direction
124
What is instantaneous velocity?
Velocity at a very short time interval
125
True or False: The average velocity can be negative.
True of object moves in opposite direction.
126
What does it mean if the average velocity is negative?
The displacement is in the opposite direction
127
What is required for an object to have uniform velocity?
Average and instantaneous velocity must be equal
128
How does average velocity differ from instantaneous velocity?
Average velocity is over a time interval
129
True or False: Displacement is a vector quantity.
True
130
What is the unit for speed?
m/s or km/h
131
True or False: A car moving in a circle at constant speed has zero acceleration.
False
132
Why does a car moving in a circle at constant speed have acceleration?
Because its direction is changing
133
What is the average velocity if displacement is zero?
Zero
134
How do you describe motion where average and instantaneous velocity are not equal?
Non-uniform motion
135
What happens to velocity in non-uniform motion?
It changes in magnitude or direction
136
What is required for an object to be in uniform motion?
Constant velocity with no change in direction
137
What happens if speed changes but direction remains the same?
The object is accelerating
138
What is the formula for acceleration?
Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time
139
True or False: Acceleration is a scalar quantity.
False
140
What is the SI unit of acceleration?
m/s² (meters per second squared)
141
What is the direction of acceleration when a car applies brakes?
Opposite to the direction of motion
142
True or False: If acceleration is negative the object is always slowing down
False because it does not always happen
143
If acceleration is opposite to velocity what happens?
Objects low over time until it stops or changes direction
144
True or False: Acceleration can be caused by a change in speed or direction.
True
145
What is uniform acceleration?
Acceleration that remains constant over time
146
What is non-uniform acceleration?
Acceleration that changes over time
147
What is continental drift?
The slow movement of Earth's continents over time
148
How fast do continents move?
1-10 cm/year
149
What causes continental drift?
Movement of tectonic plates
150
True or False: Continents remain fixed in place.
False
151
What is the speed of continental drift compared to?
The speed of fingernail or hair growth
152
What is a graph?
A visual representation of relationships between physical quantities
153
What does the slope of a graph represent?
The rate of change of one quantity with respect to another
154
True or False: A graph has equal distances between horizontal and vertical lines.
True
155
How do you calculate the slope of a graph?
Slope = (Change in y) / (Change in x)
156
What does the slope of a distance-time graph represent?
Speed
157
True or False: A distance-time graph can have negative values.
False
158
What is the x-axis in a distance-time graph?
Time
159
What is the y-axis in a distance-time graph?
Distance
160
How do you determine slope from a distance-time graph?
1.Pick two points pi and pf 2.determine the coordinates p i (xi, Yi) and pf (xf, yf) by drawing perpendicular on x and y axis from both points
3. Determine the difference between x coordinates and y coordinates.
Dividing the difference in y coordinates by x coordinate gives slope.
161
What does a steeper slope in a distance-time graph indicate?
Higher speed
162
True or False: The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration.
True
163
What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph indicate?
The object is at rest
164
What is the formula for speed?
Speed = Distance / Time
165
True or False: The slope of a distance-time graph gives speed.
True
166
An object covers 100m in 10s. What is its speed?
10 m/s
167
What does a zero slope in a distance-time graph indicate?
The object is at rest
168
What does a constant slope in a distance-time graph indicate?
Uniform speed
169
What does a changing slope in a distance-time graph indicate?
Variable speed
170
Which graph shows increasing speed?
A curved graph with an upward slope
171
What is a speed-time graph?
A graph plotting speed on the y-axis and time on the x-axis
172
What does the slope of a speed-time graph represent?
Acceleration
173
What is the formula for acceleration from a speed-time graph?
Acceleration = (Final speed - Initial speed) / Time
174
True or False: The area under a speed-time graph represents distance traveled.
True
175
An object speeds up from 0 m/s to 8 m/s in 4s. What is its acceleration?
2 m/s²
176
If acceleration is positive what does it indicate?
It indicates at the object is speedin up
177
If acceleration is negative what does it show?
Negative acceleration indicates that the object is slowing down
178
What is the formula to find distance from a speed-time graph?
Distance = Speed × Time
179
How do you calculate the area under a speed-time graph?
Multiply speed by time
180
The area under a speed-time graph represents which physical quantity?
Distance
181
What is the area of a rectangle in a speed-time graph?
Area = Speed × Time
182
What is the formula for the area of a rectangle in a speed-time graph?
A = ΔV × ΔT
183
An object has a speed-time graph with a rectangular region of 8 m/s and 4s. What is the area?
32 m
184
True or False: The literal area in square centimeters matters in a speed-time graph.
False
185
What does a horizontal line on a speed-time graph indicate?
Constant speed
186
What does a diagonal line sloping up in a speed-time graph indicate?
Acceleration
187
What does a diagonal line sloping down in a speed-time graph indicate?
Deceleration
188
How can you determine acceleration from a speed-time graph?
Find the slope
189
What is the shape of a speed-time graph when an object is at rest?
A horizontal line at speed = 0
190
What does a curved speed-time graph indicate?
Changing acceleration
191
What are the main causes of motorcycle accidents?
Negligence
192
Who are the most vulnerable to fatal accidents?
Motorcyclists
193
Complete the phrase: SPEEDING THRILLS BUT __.
KILLS
194
What is the formula for the area of a rectangle in a speed-time graph?
Area = Length × Width
195
What is the formula for the area of a triangle in a speed-time graph?
Area = 1/2 × Base × Height
196
If a triangular region has a base of 4s and height of 8m/s what is its area?
Area of triangle can be found by formula ½ length into weight so;
½(8m\s.4s)=32\2=16m
197
What does the area under a speed-time graph represent?
Distance traveled
198
What does the slope of a speed-time graph tell us?
Magnitude of acceleration
199
True or False: The larger the slope the higher the acceleration.
True
200
What is the unit of acceleration?
m/s²
201
What does a horizontal line on a speed-time graph indicate?
Constant speed
202
What does a positive slope on a speed-time graph indicate?
Acceleration
203
What does a negative slope on a speed-time graph indicate?
Deceleration
204
If the area under a speed-time graph is 16m what does it mean
It means that 16 m distance is travelled
205
What does a speed-time graph show?
The relationship between speed and time
206
How can acceleration be found from a speed-time graph?
By calculating the slope
207
What are the equations of motion used for?
To describe motion with constant acceleration
208
True or False: Equations of motion can be used when acceleration is changing.
False
209
What type of motion do equations of motion describe?
Constant acceleration motion
210
What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration
211
What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
Displacement
212
True or False: If acceleration is 0 m/s²
velocity remains constant.
213
What is the value of initial position in the derivation of motion equations?
0
214
What is the value of initial time in the derivation of motion equations?
0
215
What is the formula for acceleration in terms of velocity and time?
a = (v - u) / t
216
Complete the equation: v = __ + at.
u
217
True or False: Displacement is always equal to distance traveled.
False
218
What is the formula for the area of a trapezoid?
A = (1/2) (sum of parallel sides) * h
219
True or False: The area under a velocity-time graph can be calculated using a trapezoid.
True
220
What does 2as equal in the third equation of motion?
Vf² - Vi²
221
How do you convert km/h to m/s?
Divide by 3.6
222
True or False: The third equation of motion can be derived using the area of a trapezoid.
True
223
Complete the equation: Vf = Vi + __.
at
224
What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration
225
What does the area of a rectangle in a velocity-time graph represent?
Displacement for constant velocity
226
True or False: Final velocity depends on initial velocity with acceleration involved
Yes
227
What is the third equation of motion?
Vf² = Vi² + 2as
228
How do you convert km/h to m/s?
Divide by 3.6
229
Convert 295 km/h to m/s.
81.9 m/s
230
Convert 120 km/h to m/s.
33.3 m/s
231
To convert m/s to km/h what do we have to multiply.
3.6
232
What is the acceleration due to gravity (g) near Earth’s surface?
9.8 m/s²
233
True or False: The acceleration due to gravity is directed downward.
True
234
What is free-fall?
Motion under gravity with no air resistance
235
What is the acceleration of a freely falling body?
g = 9.8 m/s²
236
True or False: All objects fall at the same acceleration in the absence of air resistance.
True
237
What happens to a rock and a piece of paper in an evacuated tube?
Both fall at the same acceleration
238
What happens to a rock and a piece of paper in the presence of air resistance?
The rock falls faster than the paper
239
True or False: The area under a velocity-time graph represents displacement.
True
240
What happens to a rock and a sheet of paper in the presence of air resistance?
The rock falls faster than the paper
241
What happens to a rock and a sheet of paper in the absence of air resistance?
Both fall at the same acceleration
242
What is the acceleration due to gravity?
g = 9.8 m/s²
243
What is the formula for free fall velocity?
Vf = Vi + gt
244
What is the formula for free fall height?
h = Vi t + (1/2)gt²
245
When an object moves against gravity how is acceleration due to gravity taken?
An object moves against gravity acceleration due to gravity is taken as negative
246
True or False: The final velocity of the stone is found using Vf = Vi + gt.
True
247
What is mechanics?
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of bodies
248
What is kinematics?
The branch of physics that studies motion without considering forces
249
What is dynamics?
The study of motion under the influence of forces
250
When is a body at rest?
When it does not change its position relative to an observer
251
When is a body in motion?
When it changes its position relative to an observer
252
What are the three types of motion?
Translatory
253
What is translatory motion?
Motion in which all particles of a body move along the same path
254
What is rotatory motion?
Motion around a fixed axis
255
What is vibratory motion?
Back-and-forth motion around a fixed point
256
What is displacement?
The shortest distance between an object's initial and final position
257
Which equation represents acceleration?
a = (Vf - Vi) / t
258
What are the three equations of motion?
Vf = Vi + at;
s = Vi t + (1/2)at²;
Vf² = Vi² + 2as
259
What does the first equation of motion describe?
First equation of motion gives the relation of final velocity in terms of initial velocity and acceleration in time
260
What does the second equation of motion describe?
The second equation of motion relates displacement with initial velocity acceleration in time
261
What does the third equation of motion describe?
Third equation of motion relates position velocity and constant acceleration without including time
262
The slope of a distance-time graph represents:
Speed
263
The area under a speed-time graph represents:
Distance
264
Is it possible for displacement to be zero but distance nonzero?
Yes, displacement can be zero if an object returns to the starting point.
265
Does a speedometer measure a car's speed or velocity?
Speed
266
Is it possible for an object to be accelerating and at rest at the same time?
Yes, during free fall and object is released in free fall acceleration due to gravity is non zero but its velocity is zero during release.
267
Can an object have zero acceleration and nonzero velocity at the same time?
Yes, if an object moves with constant velocity.
268
A person standing on a roof throws a ball downward at 8.0 m/s. What is the acceleration of the ball?
9.8 m/s² downward (acceleration due to gravity is constant)
269
Describe a situation where speed is constant but velocity is not.
An object moving in a circular path at constant speed
270
Can an object have a northward velocity and a southward acceleration?
Yes (if an object is moving not word and slowing down so velocity is not good but acceleration is southward)
271
As a freely falling object speeds up what happens to its acceleration,?
Constant
272
What is motion? Explain why motion is relative.
Motion depends on the observer's frame of reference
273
Define scalar and vector quantities. Explain graphical representation of vectors.
Scalars have magnitude only (e.g.
274
What is position?
Position is a point relative to a reference
275
State and explain speed.
Speed is the rate of change of distance
276
State and explain velocity.
Velocity is speed in a particular direction
277
State and explain acceleration.
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
278
What is the formula for acceleration?
a = (Vf - Vi) / t
279
What is the first equation of motion?
Vf = Vi + at
280
What is the second equation of motion?
s = Vi t + (1/2)at²
281
What is the third equation of motion?
Vf² = Vi² + 2as
282
Complete the equation: Vf = Vi + __ x t.
a
283
Complete the equation: s = Vi t + (1/2) __ t².
a
284
Complete the equation: Vf² = Vi² + 2__s.
a
285
True or False: Velocity is a scalar quantity.
False
286
True or False: Speed is a vector quantity.
False
287
True or False: Displacement can be greater than distance.
False
288
True or False: Acceleration can be negative.
True
289
When is acceleration due to gravity considered constant through out free fall
If the distance of the fall is smaller compared to the radius of Earth then acceleration can be considered constant through out the Fall
