kinematic foundation

Question 1

what is planes of motion

Answer 1

frontal, sagittal, transverse

Question 2

frontal plane is..

Answer 2

front and back

Question 3

sagittal plane is…

Answer 3

right and left

Question 4

transverse plane is…

Answer 4

top and bottom

Question 5

what is a plane

Answer 5

2-D surface define by 3 points in space in a different line

Question 6

what is primarily planer skills

Answer 6

when there is movement in only one plane eg. ride a bike

Question 7

what is multiplanar skills

Answer 7

when there is movement in more than one plane eg. pitching

Question 8

what is proximal

Answer 8

closer to the trunk

Question 9

what is distal

Answer 9

further from the trunk

Question 10

joint movement terms

Answer 10

flexion, extension
dorsi- flexion, plantar- flexion
abduction, adduction
medial/ lateral rotation
eversion, inversion

Question 11

joint posture terms

Answer 11

flexed, extended
abducted, adducted
plantar flexed

Question 12

what is mediolateral

Answer 12

perpendicularity to sagittal plane
movement: flexion and extension

Question 13

what is anteroposterior

Answer 13

perpendicularity to fontal plane
movement adduction and abduction

Question 14

what is longitudinal axis

Answer 14

perpendicularity to transvers plane
movement: internal and external rotation

Question 15

what is translation motion

Answer 15

movement from one place to another where all points move through the same distance – linear and curvilinear

Question 16

what is rotation motion

Answer 16

angular motion about an axis all points through the same angel – centre for motion

Question 17

what is general motion

Answer 17

combination of translation and rotation

Question 18

what is position

Answer 18

spatial reference system used to standardize the measurements taken
cartesian coordinate system

Question 19

what is mechanical system

Answer 19

before determining the nature of a movement the mechanical system of interest must be defined

Question 20

rigid link modeling

Answer 20

gross motor movement description and analysis – human body modelled as a hinged linked series of rigid bodies

Question 21

what is symmetric

Answer 21

both limbs mirror images

Question 22

what is non symmetric

Answer 22

limbs move in independent

Question 23

what is analysis of human movement

Answer 23

1. ability to detect errors through movement patterns
2. qualitative and or quantitative
   does not include the ultimate cause of movement (force)

Question 24

what are tools used for measuring kinematic quantities

Answer 24

cinematography and videography
- 30 pictures/ sec
- clarity of images
- higher rates available
motion capture systems
- real time trading of LED
- computer linked cameras track targets
other assessment tools
- photocells, light beams and times
- accelerometer
goniometer or electroconiometer

Question 25

what is a scalars

Answer 25

magnitude scalar quantities -- mass, volume, length and speed

Question 26

what is a vector

Answer 26

magnitude and direction kinetic vector quantities - force, weight, pressure and torque kinematic velocity quantities - displacement, velocity and acceleration

Question 27

how to add vectors

Answer 27

tip to tail

Question 28

what is inertia

Answer 28

tendency for a body to resist a change in its state of motion

Question 29

what is mass

Answer 29

quantity of matter contained in an object - is scalar has magnitude symbol: m units: kg

Question 30

what is force

Answer 30

simply put a push or pull acting on an object - is a force has magnitude and direction - causes or attempts to cause a change in the motion of a body symbol: F units: newtons N

Question 31

what is an internal forces

Answer 31

muscle force joint force - ligament forces - bone to bone forces

Question 32

what is external forces

Answer 32

gravity (weight) ground reaction force friction

Question 33

what do all forces come in..

Answer 33

pairs - force exerted by one object on another is matched by an equal and oppositely directed force by the 2nd object on the 1st

Question 34

what is net force

Answer 34

force resulting from the vector addition of 2 or more forces units: newtons N symbol: Σ F sum of forces

Question 35

what is weight

Answer 35

force due to gravity - the amount of gravitational attraction between objects and earth - magnitude: F g =ma g a g= acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s2 on earth - direction - downwards - point of application: centre of gravity - units: newtons N - symbol: Fg

Question 36

what is centre of gravity

Answer 36

point about which a body weight is equally balanced no matter how the body is positioned

Question 37

what is torque

Answer 37

rotary effect of a force also called moment of force - caused by a change in the rotational motion of a body magnitude: T=Fd丄 force x moment arm direction: clockwise or counterclockwise around axis of interest symbol: T units: newton meters Nm

Question 38

what is moment arm

Answer 38

perpendicular distance from line of action of the force to the location of the axis of interest symbol: d丄 units: metres m

Question 39

what is free body diagram

Answer 39

a sketch that shows a defined system in isolation with all of the force vectors acting on the system

Question 40

what is impulse

Answer 40

the integration of force over time magnitude: the area under a force vs time curve units: newton sec Ns

Question 41

what is electromyography (EMG) used for

Answer 41

to study neuromuscular function estimate of muscle activation

Question 42

what is force plates used for

Answer 42

to measure grout reaction force - primarily employed in gait research - fish scale, handgrip dynamometer