Kinds of Truth (W3+W4)

Question 1

What is the definition of an Analytic Statement

Answer 1

An Analytic statement is true by definition and virtue of the meaning of the words

Question 2

what is the definition of a Synthetic Statement

Answer 2

A synthetic statement is not true by definition or the virtue of the meaning of the words

Question 3

What is the definition of Deontic

provide an example

Answer 3

Deontic - what is permissible

1. “you’re a child! you’re not allowed alcohol”

Question 4

What is the definition of Epistemic

Provide an example

Answer 4

Epistemic - Compatible with what I Know

1. “She’s late for the lecture, but she could be on the bus right now”

Question 5

What is the definition of Alethic

Provide an example

Answer 5

Alethic - to do with what’s possible In an absolute sense

1. “Although I don’t know it, she’s still in bed, so she couldn’t be on the bus”

Question 6

What are the two forms of Alethic Possibility

Answer 6

1. Metaphysically Possible - the widest sense of possibility
2. Physically possible - possibility according to the actual laws of physics

Question 7

which sort of violations are metaphysically impossible

provide an example

Answer 7

Violations in accordance to identity are metaphysically impossible

1. There could be a cat that was not a cat

Question 8

what is a contingent claim

Answer 8

Something which is possibly true and possibly false

Question 9

what is a contingent truth

Answer 9

P is a contingent truth IFF P is true, and P is contingent

Question 10

Provide an example of an A Posteriori Necessary Truth

Explain Why

Answer 10

1. Gold has the atomic number 79

• possible that there is something called Gold with other atomic numbers in different possible worlds
• however, it would not be gold

2. Marilyn Monroe was Norma Jeane Mortenson

• this is a truth of identity which can only be known via A posteriori

Question 11

Provide an example of an A Priori Contingent Truth

Answer 11

“I am here now” - seems to express a contingent fact

Question 12

what is an accidental property

Answer 12

properties that can change without changing who she is

Question 13

what is an essential property

Answer 13

Roxa - could not have been born to different parents

Roxa - could not have been born a gummy bear