Kinas samhälle Flashcards
Contradictions
矛盾 máo dùn
1978
Deng started the political reform
1949
October 1st CCP takes over China and founds the PDC.
The war of liberation was won
2001
China joins WTO on december 11
A US spying plane collides with a Chinese plain on Chinese controlled territory using the death of the PRC pilot and a diplomatic crisis. Hainan Island incident
China receives the nomination to host 2008 olympics
1976
Mao Zedong dör (mycket hände detta oknycks år)
What does the term Greater China refers to?
Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
Usually refers to the economic and cultural relations.
Which are the levels of administration in the PRC?
provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), prefecture, county, township, and village.
Can you list some of the autonomous regions? Among them which are the special administrative regions?
Guangxi Inner Mongolia Ningxia Tibet Xinjiang
Hong Kong
Macao (Macau)
Who is leading the PRC today?
Xi Jinping and his prime Li Keqiang
Which positions are also covered by the
President? With which implications?
President of the People’s Republic of China
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Chairman of the Central Military Commission
Commander-in-chief of Joint battle command of People’s Liberation Army
What is the name of the last Imperial dynasty?
Qing dynasty
First opium war
1839-41
China had not had much contact with the west. Only via missionaries coming to China in the 1800. And via their export. But since they only exported they also hoarded all the silver they received for their goods and the west did not like this. The west started selling opium to the Chinese, something they became addicted to and wanted to buy.
The war ends with the treaty of Nanjing. Where Uk gets access to Hong Kong.
Second opium war
1859-1861
Uk expanded their Hong Kong trade
1911
Qing dynasty falls. The Nationalist party guided by Dr Sun Yat-sen takes over. KMT/GMT
There was a warlord period following the 1911 revolution
First world war for China
The armistice of the war gave japan a large part of China which had belonged to Germany, Manchuria, to Japan. The bitter enemy.
Sun Yat-sen
孫中山
Kuomintang
国民党
The doctrine of the ‘three principles’
三民主义 - KMT
民族 minzu nationality,
民权 minquan ‘the government of the People’,
民生 minsheng ‘the People’s welfare’/livelihood.
Which was the last Chinese dynasty and when did it fall? Which were some of the main causes?
Qing dynasty.
Fell 1912
The had not been up to date with the technological advancements of the world. Tje opium wars showed the a new kind of government was needed and when some intellectuals and powerful men no longer found it worth while trying to change the conservative emperor there was an uprising.
Which was the party that established the first republic government and who was the leader associated with it?
KMT - Kuomintangi
The Republic’s first president, Sun Yat-sen, served only briefly. His party, then led by Song Jiaoren, won a parliamentary election held in December 1912. When the dynasty fell. However the army led by President Yuan Shikai retained control of the national government in Beijing. After Yuan’s death in 1916, local military leaders, or warlords, asserted autonomy.
When was the first Chinese Republic established?
1912 - the Republic of China was preceded by the last imperial dynasty of China, the Qing dynasty
Which was the ideology that supported the first republican government?
Three Principles of the People: nationalism (non-ethnic, independence from imperialist domination), democracy, and the people’s livelihood (free trade and Georgist tax reform)
What is Manchuria and when/how did it become a Japanese territory?
Manchuria is the most north eastern part of China.
Japan invaded in 1931
?
May 4th Movement
Advocacy of ‘Mr Science and Mr Democracy”
(1919 movement)
Movement of intellectuals and students and also managed to involve large groups of people
was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on May 4, 1919, protesting against the Chinese government’s weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao.
When was CCP founded?
1921
What year did Sun Yat-sen die?
1925
What year was the treaty of Versailles signed?
1919
When did Jiang Kai-shek (KMT) reassert control over China?
1927-1933
What year did the long march take place?
1934-1935
What was the Marco Polo Bridge incident?
The start of the Sino-Japanese war 1937-1945
Republic of China’s National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army
When did the japanese first invade China and start the Sino-Japanese war?
1937
What years did the Chinese civil war take place?
1946-1949
What is it that sparked the KMT, that remains a part of CCP and is still strong in China with regards to the west?
China was seeking a ‘recompense’ from the Western powers who had caused its decline.
What are the main organisations of the CCP?
The National Congress is the party’s highest body
The National Congress elects the Central Committee, the party’s highest decision-making institution between national congresses
They elect the General Secretary of the Central Committee.
As well as the Central Military Commission, Politburo, Politburo Standing Committee and the Central National Security Commission
Why and how did Mao’s policy changed after the 100 Flowers Campaign?
After the 100 Flowers campaign Mao swiftly changed course. The criticism was too heavy and the following campaign was the anti-rightist campaign camping down on the people who had dared to speak up.
Those targeted were publicly criticized and condemned to prison labor camps.
The ideological crackdown following the campaign’s failure re-imposed Maoist orthodoxy in public expression, and catalyzed the Anti-Rightist Movement.
What was the The Hundred Flowers Campaign?
百花运动
1956
A period where Mao incurred the members of the CCP mainly to speak their mind on how the country and the governing could be improved.
“The policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend is designed to promote the flourishing of the arts and the progress of science.”
What was the first first ‘rectification campaign’?
反右派运动
The Anti-rightist Campaign.
Labour camps and famines.
1957-1959
What campaign came after the anti-rightist campaign?
大跃进
The Great Leap Forward
The goal was fot China to reach the steel production levels of the UK in 15 years.
Many lost their lives, mostly due to too hard work or starvation.
1958-1960
What was the Socialist Education Campaign and when was it launched?
1962
Lin Biao publishes Mao’s Little Red Book
毛主席语录
What was the Great Cultural Revolution and when was it taking place?
文化大革命
Many slogans were launched in order to ‘destroy the old’ for a ‘red China’.
Mao became a cult-figure and ‘Mao Zedong Thought’ almost a religion
1966-1969 was a violent phase when ‘capitalist roaders’ were persecuted (including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping)
1966-1976
When where the Three Bitter Years, and what odes it refer to?
It refers to the great starvation caused by the Great leap forward.
1959-1961
What happened in march 1959?
China occupies Tibet
When and why does the Sino-Soviet relation turn sour?
1959.
Stalin is being replaced by Khrushchev
.
What happens in July 1959?
The Lushan conference. Where Peng Dehuai criticizes the great Leap Forward.
Who takes over the presidency of PR when Mao takes a step back?
1959
Liu Shaoqi
Who was Lin Biao?
He was the General of the PLA and made the army a stronghold of Maoism
1907-1971
Who was Jiang Qing
Maos third wife, actress, member of gang out four.
When is Deng Xiaoping recalled ti Beijing and by whom?
Zhou Enlai
1975
Who is Zhou Enlai
The leader in 1974, Maos faithful advisor since the beginning.
