Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

kin 175 chapters 8-11 > kin chapters 8-11 > Flashcards

kin chapters 8-11 Flashcards

1
Q

chapter 8

A

nutrition, health, & fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nutrition

A

the study of food and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nutrients

A
  • provide energy
  • support growth
  • regulate metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

macronutrients

A
  • carbs
  • fats
  • protein
  • water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

micronutrients

A

vitamins & minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carbohydrates

A
  • main source of fuel for the brain

* key energy source for muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

simple carbohydrates

A
  • normal brain function

* glucose, fructose, galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

complex carbohydrates

A
  • glycogen (easily available)
  • starch (fuel source)
  • fiber (not a fuel source)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unsaturated fats

A
  • monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
  • do not increase blood cholesterol levels
  • found in plant sources
  • omega-3 fatty acid lowers both cholesterol and triglycerides (found mainly in fish)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

saturated fats

A
  • solid at room temperature
  • come from animal and plant sources
  • trans fatty acids contribute to heart disease and can increase cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

proteins

A
  • major part of lean tissue
  • serves as the structural unit to build and repair tissue
  • regulate metabolism/protect from disease
  • 4kcals per gram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complete protein

A
  • present only in animals foods and soy products

* contain all essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

incomplete protein

A
  • present in vegetable sources

* missing one or more essential amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

water

A
  • macronutrient needed in the highest quantity
  • 60-70% of your body
  • regulates body temp, digestion, nutrient absorption, blood formation, and waste elimination
  • losing as little at 5% can cause the body to go into distress, more than 15% can be fatal
  • adults should consume 12-16 cups per day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vitamins

A
  • regulate growth and metabolism
  • water soluable: B & C
  • fat soluable: A,D,E,K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

minerals

A
  • elements that help the body function

* 3 key minerals: CALCIUM, IRON, SODIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osteoporosis

A

calcium deficiency disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anemia

A

iron deficiency health problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypertension

A
  • high blood pressure

* tied to too much sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

iron

A
  • essential component of red blood cells

* women menstruating, pregnant, or nursing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calcium

A
  • essential for building bones & teeth
  • important for pregnant or lactating women
  • may help prevent prostate & colon cancer
  • critical for children and teens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

food allergy

A

an adverse immune reaction to food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

food intolerance

A

adverse reaction to a specific food that is not caused by the immune sytem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chapter 9

A

achieving optimal body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

range of optimal body fat

A
  • 8-19% for men

* 21-32% for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

genetics & hormones

A
  • appetite control center; hypothalamus in brain
  • monitors fat/sugar levels in blood and hormone receptors
  • physiological causes of obesity = release of hormones leptin and ghrelin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

environmental factors

A
  • eating habits

* diet & exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

leptin

A

decreases appretite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ghrelin

A

increases appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

energy balance

A

*calories in vs calories out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

A

amount of energy expended while sedentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

exercise metabolic rate (EMR)

A

amount of energy expended during exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

moderate intensity exercise

A

50-70% VO2 max = optimal fat burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

optimal weight loss

A

burning 250 calories and decreasing caloric intake 250 calories per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

approximately ____ calories needed to synthesize 1lb of muscle

A

2500

36
Q

___ calories must be protein

A

400

37
Q

____ muscle can be gained per week

A

.25 lbs

38
Q

increase daily calories by approximately ___ calories

A

90

39
Q

restrictive procedures

A

gastric banding

40
Q

malabsorptive procedures

A

bypass intestine

41
Q

orlistat

A

the only FDA approved weight loss drug that acts to block fat absorption

42
Q

belvia

A

new drug that suppresses appetite by increasing serotonin to the brain

43
Q

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A
  • any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
  • leading cause of death in the U.S.
  • 17 million deaths per year, expected to rise to 23 million by 2030
  • accounts for 1 out of every 3 deaths
44
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a type of arteriosclerosis that results in arterial blockage due to the buildup of a fatty deposit inside the blood vessel deposit

45
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

a group of diseases characterized by a hardening or narrowing of the arteries

46
Q

coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

disease that results from the atherosclerotic plaque blocking one or more coronary arteries

47
Q

systolic pressure

A

top number, represents pressure as heart contractions

48
Q

diastolic pressure

A

bottom number, when heart relaxes

49
Q

smoking

A
  • more than 2x the risk of getting CVD than non smokeres

* biggest risk factor for sudden death

50
Q

hypertension

A

both a disease and risk factor for stroke and CHD

51
Q

high blood cholesterol

A
  • cholesterol is a type of lipid that can either be consumed in foods or synthesized in the body
  • low-density lipoprotein “bad cholesterol”
  • high-density lipoprotein “good cholesterol”
52
Q

physical inactivity

A
  • exercise reduces risk of CHD

* improvements in body weight, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile

53
Q

diabetes mellitus

A
  • occurs in middle age/common in overweight

* 75% of diabetics die from some form of CHD

54
Q

recommended _____ of moderate-intensity

A

> 150 min/week

55
Q

overweight and obesity

A
  • higher waste-to-hip ratio

* more likely to develop CHD even with no other risk factors

56
Q

heredity

A

*children of parents with CHD are more likely to get it

57
Q

gender

A
  • men up to age 55 has higher risk

* after menopause womens risk increases

58
Q

age

A

risk increases with age due to the buildup of arterial plaque

59
Q

primary risk factors

A 
cannot be controlled
1. heredity 
2. gender
3. increasing age
can be controlled
1. tobacco use
2. high blood pressure
3. high cholesterol
4. sedentary lifestyle
5. overweight and obesity
6. diabetes
60
Q

secondary risk factors

A
  1. stress
  2. diet and nutrition
  3. alcohol consumption
61
Q

secondary risk factors

A
  1. stress
  2. diet and nutrition
  3. alcohol consumption
62
Q

chapter 11

A

stress management

63
Q

stress

A

homeostasis of the body is disrupted

64
Q

eustress

A

“positive stress”

can improve performance

65
Q

distress

A

“negative stress”

disrupts health and functioning

66
Q

stressor

A

a factor that produces stress

67
Q

stress response

A

bodies reaction to stress

68
Q

nervous system

A

controls voluntary and involuntary movements

69
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary actions

70
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight”

71
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and digest”

*resting heart rate, digestion, growth

72
Q

endocrine system

A

glands that secrete hormones to regular body processes

73
Q

type A personality

A

motivated, competitive, impatient, heightened response to stress

74
Q

type B personality

A

easygoing, patient, lower response to stress

75
Q

type C personality

A

confident, motivated have lower response to stress

76
Q

type D personality

A

worried, prone to anxiety, heightened response to stress

77
Q

chronic stress

A

persistent stress related to serious health problems

78
Q

chronic stress: potential negative effects on physical health

A
  1. lowered disease resistance
  2. heart disease
  3. elevated blood pressure
  4. hormonal imbalances
  5. back and neck pain
79
Q

chronic stress: potential negative effects on mental health

A
  1. emotional disorders

2. eating disorders

80
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

three-stage adaptation to stress

81
Q

alarm stage

A

initial exposure to stress

  • body is more prone to injury
  • fight or flight
82
Q

resistance stage

A

continued exposure to stress

*stress resistance is higher than normal

83
Q

exhaustion stage

A

persistent exposure to stress

*body vulnerable to disease

84
Q

allostasis

A

bodies ability to change/adapt to stress

*body seeks homeostasis, does not adapt well under long term stress

85
Q

allostatic load

A

bodies limit for stress

  • constant or repeated activation of stress responses
  • stress response is inefficient

kin 175 chapters 8-11 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions