KIN 401

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

(Moral theory). Seeks to understand values in human conduct as humans relate to others

moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.

Question 2

Philosophical ethics

Answer 2

Searches for ways to reevaluate standards of justification adopted for human contact
Addresses the meaning and uses of terms such as ‘ought’, ‘right’, and ‘wrong’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’, ‘obligation’ and ‘responsibility’
As they apply to persons, actions, social practices and arrangements

Question 3

Applied ethics

Answer 3

The branch of ethics which attempts to resolve moral dilemmas

Question 4

Moral dilemmas

Answer 4

When you have 2 values, both of which are ethical values and no matter what decision you make, you give up something you value
“Between a rock and a hard place”

Question 5

Professional ethics

Answer 5

A subset of applied ethics. The professions are one area where moral dilemmas arise
Ethical dilemmas within a professional setting

Question 6

Moral issues

Answer 6

Those which raise questions of value about the right and welfare of persons and other sentient beings and character of people

Question 7

Sentience

Answer 7

• having power of the senses
• sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations

Question 8

Moral domain

Answer 8

Is that domain concerned with welfare and fair treatment of sentient beings and character of people

Question 9

Moral situation or morally problematic situation

Answer 9

A situation in which significant interests in terms of welfare and fair treatment of sentient beings effected

Question 10

morally neutral situation

Answer 10

A situation in which significant interests of sentient beings are not effected
There are no major ethical states at play

Question 11

Morally trivial situations

Answer 11

A situation in which interests of sentient beings are effected but in a trivial way
Moral interests are affected

Question 12

What is an example of a equality vs justice moral dilemma?

Answer 12

• Performance enhancers
• transgender athletes competing with other athletes
• having different age groups vs different developmental groups

Question 13

What is an example of a confidentiality vs safety moral dilemma?

Answer 13

• having an athlete confide in you, do you keep it confidential or for their safety
• abuse
• suicide
• eating disorders

Question 14

What is an example of a safety vs autonomy moral dilemma?

Answer 14

• injury rehab
• athlete return to play
• people participating in aggressive sports (e.g. boxing, fighting)

Question 15

What is an example of a community vs autonomy moral dilemma?

Answer 15

• university athletes making decisions that the university wants compared to what they personally want
• taking a knee during the national anthem (Colin Kapernick)

Question 16

What are the 6 types of values?

Answer 16

• Ethical/Moral
• Convention
• Authority
• Prudence/Self-interest
• Legality
• Religion

Question 17

Explain a convention value

Answer 17

The habits and customs of a culture

Question 18

Explain a authority value

Answer 18

Values we take or which become expected of us by someone who has power over us (or who’s is or claims to be an expert)

Question 19

Explain a prudence value

Answer 19

Acting for one’s own self-interest
Instrumentality: when you do something not for the sake of the activity but for the outcome that it gives you

Question 20

Explain a legality value

Answer 20

Values that uphold the letter of the law
Or rules that can be considered “laws” of the game

Question 21

What is virtuous character?

Answer 21

excellence or goodness of something; human qualities that relate not only to an individual’s welfare, but also to the community of which that person is a member

Question 22

What are some examples of virtues?

Answer 22

• patience
• respect
• loyalty
• honesty
• selflessness

Question 23

What are the 5 components of a moral response?

Answer 23

1. Need a moral situation
2. Have the ability to recognize a moral situation
3. Be motivated by moral reasons to act
4. Have the skills to act
5. Take action

Question 24

What is level 1 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 24

How is this decision going to affect me?

Question 25

What is level 2 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 25

How is this decision going to affect me and those in my group?

Question 26

What is level 3 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 26

How will I be thought of? Seeking approval

Question 27

What is level 4 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 27

What have I been taught to do? Authority

Question 28

What is level 5 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 28

What have I promised or contracted to do? Rules

Question 29

What is level 6 on the Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 29

Is this behaviour universalizable? Justice

Question 30

What are the 2 types of rules?

Answer 30

- Regulative rules - Constitutive rules

Question 31

What are the 3 types of constitutive rules?

Answer 31

- prescriptive - proscriptive - descriptive

Question 32

What are prescriptive constitutive rules?

Answer 32

Prescribe what you are to do , tell you what actions a player is to do in order to play the game. Create skills, creat activities, create choices

Question 33

What are proscriptive constitutive rules?

Answer 33

Proscribe as in they tell you what NOT to do within sport

Question 34

What are descriptive constitutive rules?

Answer 34

Rules that lay out the laying terrain of whatever game you’re playing

Question 35

What are the purposes of penalties?

Answer 35

- penalties for accidental rule breakage - penalties for deliberate rule breakage - ensure that a game, as a constituted by its rules, can continue at that time and in the future

Question 36

What are the justifications for breaking a proscriptive rule?

Answer 36

- integrity/logic of the game - legal - ethical - prudential

Question 37

Types of rule breakage

Answer 37

- cheating - good foul/penalty - rule is unethical in itself

Question 38

What is rationality?

Answer 38

process to make sure you have solid arguments, being reasonable, thinking logically about something

Question 39

What is conventional morality?

Answer 39

- normally characterized by an acceptance of society's conventions concerning right and wrong - individual obeys rules and follows society's norms even when there are no consequences for obedience or disobedience - do not question rules, traditions, and/or practices

Question 40

What is reflective morality?

Answer 40

- those that are based on what you believe to be right and not others. - actively reflect on and think about normative principles that guide behaviours

Question 41

What are Kantian ethics?

Answer 41

- Deontic or deontological ethics - a set of universal moral principles that apply to all human beings, regardless of context or situation.

Question 42

What is deontology?

Answer 42

- any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to duty or not - one is acting or judging from the moral point of view only if one is willing to universalize one's maxim

Question 43

What is a maxim?

Answer 43

a general truth, fundamental principle, or rule of conduct

Question 44

What is utilitarianism?

Answer 44

- teleological ethics - the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority - consequentialism consequences do matter

Question 45

What is teleology?

Answer 45

any position in ethics that holds that the moral value of an action or practice is a function of the consequences or outcomes of that choice concerned with: - acting to produce the greatest amount of benefit (happiness) and the least possible amount of harm - right and wrong are based on the greatest amount of good resulting

Question 46

What is contextualized ethics?

Answer 46

based upon a realization that the fitness or 'goodness' of our actions depends upon an coevolving world right and wrong are only determined by noticing the specificities or circumstances and people's lives, including asymmetrical power relations

Question 47

What are the 3 components to assess when talking about moral assessment of activities?

Answer 47

- Participation - Regulation - Programming

Question 48

What is a participation question?

Answer 48

would I participate in the activity?

Question 49

What is a regulation question?

Answer 49

would I regulate others' participation?

Question 50

What is the harm principle?

Answer 50

people should be free to act however they wish unless their actions cause harm to somebody else.

Question 51

What is paternalism?

Answer 51

the policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest.

Question 52

What are rights?

Answer 52

Something to which a person can lay claim as due or owing to him or her by virtue of being human

Question 53

What are negative rights?

Answer 53

These rights are called negative rights because such rights are a claim by one person that imposes a "negative" duty on all others—the duty not to interfere with a person's activities in a certain area

Question 54

What are positive rights?

Answer 54

rights that provide something that people need to secure their well being, such as a right to an education, the right to food, the right to medical care, the right to housing, or the right to a job.