KIN 240 FINAL Flashcards
vo2max=
o2 plateaus; at least 2 other criteria reached
v02peak=
o2 does not plateau; but other criteria reached
will youth peak or plateau
v02 peak
peak or plateau older adults
peak
peak or plateau sedentary individuals
peak
peak or plateau athlete
plateau
peak or plateau individuals with know disease
peak
genera test termination criteria for all v02 max protocals
Moderate to severe angina
- Excessive (>10mmHg) ↑ in BP (especially systolic)
- Shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps
- Signs of poor perfusion (light-headed, confusion, nausea, cold/clammy skin)
- Failure of HR to ↑ with exercise
- Noticeable change in heart rhythm
- Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue
- Equipment failure
- Subject asks to stop
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
The volume of O 2 used by the body under given conditions
- Can be measured at rest, during submax exercise, or during max exercise
v02 mac
When VO2 is measured during max exercise
-Max volume of O 2 one can consume during exhausting exercise or
max rate of O 2 utilization of muscles during exercise
- Aka….Maximum aerobic power (MAP)
- Considered the BEST index of aerobic fitness
absolute v02
TOTAL volume of o2 taken into the body
relative vo2
volume of o2 taken into the body RELATIVE TO BODY WEIGHT
static flexibility
measure of the total ROM at a joint
dynamic flexibility
measure of the resistance developed during stretching throughout ROM
unlike static
dynamic flexibility requires active force production
(your own muscles contracting).
- Because it is difficult to quantify “stiffness”, dynamic is
measured more subjectively
Individuals with good flex have:
- Greater ease of movement
- Less stiffness of muscles
- Enhancement of skill
- Less chance of injury
- Important in athletic performance
- Important in ability to carry out ADL’s
is too much flexibility a problem
YES
- May result in hypermobility
- increased ROM of joints beyond normal, acceptable
values
hypermobility leads to…
joint laxity
- increase risk of MSK injuries
- Shoulder dislocations occur because
of joint lax & hypermobility
(gymnasts & swimmers)
- very difficult to have too much flex
Decreased ROM is a deficit under the following conditions
decreased ROM alters the normal mechanics of a movement
- joint ROM is not within normal limits for a sport or task
- decreased ROM is the result of an injury & the ROM is not restored to
preinjury levels - decreased ROM creates asymmetry bilaterally
- Correct deficits with stretching (static/PNF)
muscle spindles
Sensitive to the rate of change in muscle length
* Spindle activity is directly proportional to speed of movement
* Rapid stretch will cause a CONTRACTION
* Example: patellar reflex
golgi tendon organ
Inverse stretch reflex
- Lies within a tendon near its attachment to the muscle
- Detects tension applied to the tendon as a result of muscle
contraction
-Increase tension/contraction (detect
by GTOs) will cause RELAXATION
- Example: Dropping a heavy deadli
DIRECT Assessments of flexibility
- Goniometer
- Inclinometer
- Leighton flexometer
INDIRECT Assessments of flexibility
-Sit n reach
- Sit n reach variants
pros and cons to goniometer
- Cheap (~$40)
- Direct measure
- Difficult to find bony landmarks
- Upper-extremity joints are generally more reliable than ROM of lower
extremity - Cannot be used with spine…instead use inclinometer
inclinometer pros/cons
- Easier to use than the flexometer & goniometer
- Held by hand on moving body segment during measurement
- Does not have to be aligned with specific bony landmarks
- Pricey (~$450
leighton flexometer pros/cons
- Quantifies ROM in degrees
- Protocols are standardized
- Does not require locating very specific joint axis of rotation or
bone segments - There are ~24 standardized joint action protocols
- Normative data available
- Valid & reliable
indirect
movement of joint is not measured in degrees;
measured in inches or centimeters
- Does not provide an accurate measure of actual joint range of
motion but is very practical - Can be very reliable as tests are easy to standardize but validity is
questionable
muscular strength
Ability of a muscle or muscle group to develop maximal contractile force
against a resistance in a single contraction with proper technique
absolute strength
total amount of weight lifted without adjustment for the participant’s body mass;
for example 1RM weight
relative strength
total amount of weight lifted with some type of adjustment for the participant’s
body mass;
ex: Divide the strength test outcome by body mass to give a strength:mass
muscular endurance
The ability of the muscle to apply a submaximal force
for extended periods
- Can be via repeated contractions (dynamic) against a load for an
extended period or a sustained muscular contraction (isometric)
Submaximal repeated contractions (Dynamic)
- 1) Absolute submax load (%1RM)
- 2) Relative submax repetitions (pushups, CSEP-CPT, curl-ups)
Sustained Muscular Contraction (isometric)
1) Timed contractions to failure (back extension, plank CSEP-CPT, Wall sit)
