KIN 106 Flashcards
Name the reasons that people would stop playing sport
- Competing activities
- becomes no longer fun
- not having enough playing time
- not having success- no enjoyment
- loss of motivation
- not liking the coach
Name the reasons that people would keep playing sports
- giving them the choice of sport
- having people that they know
- feeling of competence
- intrinsic motivation
- support from adults outside of family
What is physical maturation?
Refers to the physical growth and development that human go through till old age.
- it can vary
What are the 3 phases to skill development?
- Initial/cognitive
- Formative/Kinesthetic
- Mature
What is the Initial/Cognitive phase of skill development?
Where a learner is starting to develop an understanding on how to do a skill
What is the Formative/kinesthetic phase of skill development?
Learner is now starting to improve the execution of the skill
What is the Mature phase of skill development?
Performer can perform the skill in a good manner, can mix different skills together
What are the 3 categories of movement skills?
Stability
Travel
Manipulation skills
What does physical literacy encompass?
- motivation to move
- confidence to move
- having the understanding of what to do
- make decisions while playing
- having knowledge of the sport/skill
What is the main goal of PE
to provide meaningful moving experiences
What are movement situations
situations that a learner or player needs to be able to perform a skill in order to achieve a goal
What is the purpose of physical literacy?
to promote confidence, competence which will then lead to motivation
What does it mean to be physically literate?
- to be active not just on land but in water, snow/ice
- recognizing the cultural/social contexts of sport and the environment that we live in
- value all types of environments
- Realizing that there is not a correct way to move but being able to move in the environment that was fun and enjoyable
Why might physical literacy be problematic?
- it normalizes ways of moving
- privileges a certain type of active body (able bodied)
The reality of Assumption #1: Skill transfer to sports and other physical activities
Not always the case, the conditions in game play can be very different, can be executed differently
e.g. riding a bike vs tour de France
Intentionality is related to attributes of:
- The performer
- Environment- opportunities
What are the 3 categories to determine a good throw?
Intentionality
Specificities
Individual characteristics
Explain the Intentionality of a throw
What is the goal of the skill
e.g. baseball throw, to get another person to catch the ball
Explain the Specificities of a throw
Of each sport, certain game rules and logic of a sport
what are the parameters of the sport
Explain the individual characteristics of a throw
Aspects that the learner or the player brings to the situation
What are social affordances?
- What is it that each individual brings to the playing situation
- outside of the learning environment
What is the influence of having a “sporting habitus”?
Having an understanding of a specific world
e.g. being in a hockey family, you have a better understanding of the world of hockey
What is sporting capital?
Having more knowledge toward a sport
What are examples of social contexts in the world of sport?
- other players
- parents
- refs
- family
Explain this quote: “it is more useful to focus teaching in physical education and sport on the fun of playing meaningful games than concentrate on a limited number of skills in a set of narrowly defined activities and assessing whether children can perform these isolates ‘fundamental movements’
- Want to create more meaningful learning opportunities
- want to make sure that they know why they are learning such a skill
What are the components of games within KIN 106?
- Usually played by a group of people
- Physical in nature
- Specific purpose or outcome
- rules
- the players are in opposition
What are the 2 primary game categories?
- Experiential learning games
- Sport games
What does the Experiential learning games category consist of?
- cooperative games
- helping the learners go through a process and develop “soft skills”
What does the Sport games category consist of?
- Target
- Net/Wall
- Striking/Fielding
- Invasion games
What is the emphasis of experiential games?
Focusses on affective and the cognitive and then physical
What is the emphasis of sport games?
Cognitive and locomotor skills
What are the 3 goal structures and what do they consist of?
Individual
- 1vs1
- doesn’t necessarily need to be competitive
Cooperative
- tend to involve a group
Competitive
- Team
- Individual
- Object of the game is to beat your opponent
What are the 3 categories of manipulative skills?
Projecting skills (passing and shooting)
Receiving skills (having an object passed to you)
Retaining skills
What are the categories within Projecting skills?
Underhand roll
- Projecting an object underhand, rolling or sliding it
Overhand throw
- projecting a object toward a specific spot/person
Kick
- striking an object with your foot
Passing
- Involve kicking, throwing or propelling another object to a person
Side arm strike
- propelling an object with your arm with a side arm action
- e.g. tennis
What are the categories within Receiving skills?
Catch
- Receiving an object with your hands
Trap
- Receive it with your feet, chest, knees, or head
What are the categories within Retaining skills?
Dribble
- locomoting or travelling with an object
How was the term ‘physical literacy’ created?
Whitehead came up with the definition of physical literacy. She was concerned about the lack of physical activity that people were getting
What was the older (original) definition of physical literacy
“… as appropriate to each individual’s endowment, physical literacy can be described as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to maintain physical activity throughout the life course
What is the newer definition of physical literacy
“physical literacy is the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life”
What are the core attributes of physical literacy?
- Motivation
- Confidence and physical competence
- fluent interaction with a range of environments
Explain motivation
A desire to participate in physical activity on individual’s part because it has been experienced it in a positive and rewarding way
Explain confidence and physical competence in terms of physical literacy
Result of belief in one’s ability to effectively use and apply a variety of general, refined, and specific movement patterns
Explain fluent interaction with a range of environments in terms of physical literacy
moving competently in various environments, being able to respond and adapt to what environment gives you
What is PHE (Physical and health education Canada)
- responsible for giving resources to PE teachers
- Try to work with organizations like Sport for Life
- Try to integrate research into their practices and policies
What is Sport for Life
- Improve the quality of sport and physical activity in Canada through improved athlete training and better integration between all stakeholders in the sport system
- Responsible for policies within sport
What are some critiques of physical literacy
- lack of general consensus among sporting and education bodies who are putting out various assessment tools that are all being recommended
- Confusion for people using these carious assessments because each assessment is focused on a different definition of physical literacy
3 limitations related to the assessment of physical literacy
Rely on:
- using existing tools that have been used for other purposes
we should be developing tools that are measuring what we want it to measure
Focus on:
- tools only focus on one dimension (either physical, effective, cognitive, behavioural)
Attend to:
- White head stressed that the physical activity component should be the main focus
What is a game?
Involves any physical activities using an object that are played in society
Explain strategic understanding
Understanding the ways of playing a game
Explain tactical awareness
Ways of playing a game to gain an advantage over opponents
Explain principles of play
Basic elements of play that structure effective game play
What does TGfU stand for?
Teaching Games for understanding
What is teaching games for understanding?
- approach developed for educational understanding
- Looked at decline of student participation in sport outside of school
Explain the ‘Why before the How’ theory
- Teaching skill comes later on, teaching why the skills are important come first
- Understanding of what is the game about and then you develop the technical skills
Explain the rationale of Teaching Gamed for Understanding
- Their performance improves even though their technical skills haven’t been worked on
Novice learners: - Who developed an understanding of tactical problems became better players and better spectators
- understood what was going on
- Increased motivation to better themselves and their skills
What does teaching games for understanding build on?
the main categories of games:
- Target
- Net/Wall
- Striking/Fielding
- Invasion games
Explain the Traditional approach to teaching games
- skill execution
- game form
- performance
- making decisions
- tactical awareness
Explain the game approach to teaching games
- Modified game
- Game appreciation
- Tactical awareness
- Making decisions
- Skill execution
Explain the difference between Traditional vs. Game approach
- The traditional approach is missing game appreciation (developing an appreciation for the rules, boundaries, number of players)
- Skill execution shows up in both of them just at a different stage
Explain the rational for the Game approach
- the knowledge flows in a circular pattern
- Debates of ideas
- between learners
What are Pedagogical game principles?
Instructional strategies, how to modify games
What are the 4 Pedagogical game principles?
- Sampling
- Modification through representation
- Modification through exaggeration
- tactical complexity
Explain Sampling (Pedagogical game principle)
- involves exposing learners to multiple games in the same category
e.g. all target games - transfer knowledge
- students recognize the similarities between the games that they play
Explain Modification through representation (pedagogical game principle)
- Modifying the full version of the game to make it accessible for the learners early on when you are introducing a new game category
Explain Modification through exaggeration (pedagogical game principle)
- used specifically when you want to highlight a specific tactical problem
- modify space
Explain tactical complexity (pedagogical game principle)
- Moving through game categories according to the lease to most complex game category
-target - net/wall
- striking/fielding
- invasion
Explain the principles of play for Target games (Primary objective/tactical strategy)
Primary objective
- to get your object closer to your target than your opponent
- opposed and unopposed
Archery/darts = unopposed
Curling= opposed
Tactical strategy
- aim and accuracy
- want to manipulate things like force and distance
- Trying to regulate HR
Explain the principles of play for net/wall games (Primary objective/tactical strategy)
Primary objective
- get object to opponents area of play in order to score a point
Tactical strategy
- consistent placement and positioning
Explain the principles of play for striking games (Primary objective/tactical strategy)
Primary objective
- try to score as many runs as possible and run to safe areas
Tactical strategy
- hitting with accuracy
- avoiding outs
Explain the principles of play for fielding games (Primary objective/tactical strategy)
Primary objective
- prevent runs
Tactical strategy
- try and get the batter out
Explain the principles of play for Territory/Invasion games (Offence and Defense) games (Primary objective/tactical strategy)
Offense
Primary objective
- invade opponents goal and to try and score
Tactical strategy
- getting into open space
- maintaining possession
Defense
Primary objective
- Defend goal and prevent scoring
Tactical strategy
- close open space, intercept object and gain possession
What are strategic control factors
Players manipulate them to gain an advantage
What are the initial strategic control factors
- Space
- time
- force
What are the advanced strategic control factors
- Sike
- Uncertainty
reducing uncertainty for self
increasing uncertainty for your opponent
Explain the strategic control factor of space
- where the object needs to be placed to gain an advantage
- players as well, where the player need to move into space to get an advantage
Explain the strategic control factor of force
- How much force we put on an object
e.g. hitting a ball
- direction- height
- force that is deployed in contact sports against another player
Explain the strategic control factor of time
- making the decision when you will execute a skill
- creating time to take a shot or make a shot
- running down the time
Explain the strategic control factor of Decreased uncertainty for self
- running plays in practice
making sure you know where everyone is supposed to be - communication
video replays (watching your plays)
Explain the strategic control factor of increase uncertainty for other.
- signals
- creating fakes
- being aware of opponents use of space
gain a sense of pattern
Explain the strategic control factor of psych
- being able to control your own emotional responses
- rituals to improve your psych
listening to music
pre game rituals
