Kieran Flashcards

1
Q

Uncertainty of Outcome

A

is a situation where a given contest within a league structure has a degree of unpredictability about the outcome of the result (Simmons and Forrest, 2002)
Probability/Betting odds is the most efficient way of measuring uncertainty of outcome.

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2
Q

Paul and Weinbach

A

2007, Found that National Football League division television audiences rose as an ex ante outcome uncertainty increased across games - outcome uncertainty was measured using betting odds

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3
Q

Buraimo and Simmons, 2008

A

Found that an increase in uncertainty of outcome is associated with reduced gate attendance, which can be interpreted as EPL fans of the home team, prefer to see their team play a much weaker team (and beat them) rather than attend a game that is predicted to be close in score and more uncertain

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4
Q

Buraimo and Simmons, 2009

A

Looked at the Spanish League and found that stadium attendees disliked uncertainty of outcome

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5
Q

Rottenberg

A

1956, Uncertainty of outcome is necessary if the consumer is willing to pay admission to the game

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6
Q

Forrest, Simmons and Buraimo

A

2005, were among the first to examine the effects of uncertainty of outcome among teleivision audiences and found that uncertainty of outcome did have the theorised impact on audience demand

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7
Q

Tainsky and McEvoy

A

2012, Examined the effects of Uncertainty of outcome on the size of television audience in the NFL and found that greater uncertainty of outcome resulted in greater audience demand in line with the hypothesis

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8
Q

Buraimo and Simmons 2015

A

found that TV audiences have now transitioned from a preference of uncertainty of outcome to a preference for star quality and talent, so maybe league should make it easier for clubs to attract star players

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9
Q

Szymanski

A

2003, the extent to which uncertainty of outcome positevly impacts consumer welfare is far from unambiguious

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10
Q

Borland and Macdonald

A

2003, Uncertainty of outcome can be viewed on three levels: Match level, Seasonal dimension, and Long run

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11
Q

Knowles, Sherony and Haupert

A

1992, examine the effects of uncertainty of outcome on game day attendance. They find as a home teams probability of winning is 0.6, stadium attendance is maximized, indicating stadium attendees have a preference for a win but not dominance

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12
Q

Alavy, Gaskall and Szymanski

A

2010, used minute by minute measures of television audiences demand and found in favour of the uncertainty of Outcome

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13
Q

El Hodiri and Quirk

A

1971, Offered a stylish version of a league with 2 teams, as the probability of either team winning approaches 1, gate receipts fall. Therefore both teams have a motive not to become too superior and should not amass all the best talent in the league. Therefore it is important to have competitive balance

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14
Q

Sloane

A

2015, The more the uncertainty of results of the games, the higher the public demand for sport. The more equal the quality of competing teams, the more uncertainty of the result.

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15
Q

Zimbalist

A

2002, proper competitive balance should be understood to exist when there are no clubs chronically weak because of MLBS financial structures

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16
Q

Buraimo and Paramio

A

2010, Revenues generated from the sport broadcast market tend to dominate those generated from gate attendance

17
Q

Giulianotti

A

2012, maintaining the loyalty of the sports consumer is essential to the success of the team

18
Q

Paul

A

2003, Studies show that regional rivalries increase fan stadium attendance

19
Q

Baimbridge et al

A

1995, for the season 1993-94, ceteris paribus, broadcasting rugby league matches on BskysBs satellite subscription channels reduced stadium attendance by 25%

20
Q

Hausman and Leonard

A

1997, they find that the number of star players involved in the match had a significant influence on the rating for broadcasting

21
Q

Knowles et al

A

1992, Fans prefer observing a sporting contest between teams with an unpredictable outcome

22
Q

Literature showing matches with a more certain outcome are favoured by stadium attendees

A

Peel and Thomas (1992), Forrest and Simmons (2002), Forrest et al. (2005), and Buraimo and Simmons (2008)