kidneys/urinary

Question 1

4 fxns of renal system

Answer 1

maintain volume and composition of body fluids WNL
REgulate vit D activation
regulate blood pressure thru renin angiotension-aldosterone
Regulate RBC production thru production of erthryopoietin

Question 2

ADH

Answer 2

maintains fluid balance

relaces in a fall in blood volume, sympathetic stimulation, or Rise in NA+ levels

Question 3

chloride regulation

Answer 3

• ion (reabsorbed in loop of henle)

helps maintain electrical neutrality w/ movement of cations across cell membrane

Question 4

potassium regulation

Answer 4

fxn of nervous system, muscle, cell membranes

Question 5

Aldosterone

Answer 5

stimulates the sodium-potassium exchange pump

released when too high K+ levels sympathetic stimulation or angiotension II

Question 6

Hydrochlorothiazide indications

Answer 6

for newly HTN pts

therapy for edema w/ HF, liver, renal disease

Question 7

Hydrochlorothiazide action

Answer 7

reabsorbs sodium and chloride in distal renal tubules

for excretion of na,cl, h2o inkidneys

Question 8

Hydrochlorothiazide AD

Answer 8

dizz, vertigo, orthostatic hypoTN, nasuesa,v, muscle cramps, dry mouth, diarrhea, polyuria, spams

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide Contra

Answer 9

allergy to this drug or sulfonamide
f&e imbalance/liver renal diease
bipolar disorder 
hyperthyroidism
diabetes/ glucose intolerance

Question 10

Hydrochlorothiazide d/d

Answer 10

combied with cholestyramine or colestipol
digoxin toxiticy b/c K+ changes
diabetc meds
lithium toxicity

Question 11

Furosemide indication

Answer 11

in loop of henle) trt edema with CHF, acute pulmonary edema, HTN

Question 12

Furosemide actions

Answer 12

reabsorption of NA+ and CL from distal renal tublues/loop of hen

Question 13

Furosemide AE

Answer 13

dizz,vertigo, paethesias, orthostic HypoTN, urticaria, hyperglycemia, urine bladder spams
hypokalcemia, alkalosis, hypocalemia
f&e imbalance

Question 14

Furosemide contra

Answer 14

allergy, electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, hepatic coma, lupus, diabetes

Question 15

Furosemide d/d

Answer 15

anticoags ^ risk with ototoxicity

NSAID, ibprofen

Question 16

Acetazolamide indication

Answer 16

trt open angle glaucoma> reliefs interocular pressure

CHF/ drug induced edema

Question 17

Acetazolamide actions

Answer 17

inhibits carbonic anhydrase which decrease aqueous humor, intraocular pressure

Question 18

Acetazolamide AE

Answer 18

disturbance of acid base balance, electrolyte balance
metabolic acidosis
hypokalcemia
confusion, drowzie, kid stones, wt loss, paresthesais extremities

Question 19

Acetazolamide contra

Answer 19

chornic noncongestive glaucoma
F&E imbalance
renal/hepatic disease
respiratory acidosis, COPD

Question 20

Acetazolamide d/d

Answer 20

salicylates and lithium

Question 21

Spironolactone indication

Answer 21

pts @ risk for hypokalemia

hyperaldosteronism, trt edema CHF nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrosis and HTN

Question 22

Spironolactone actions

Answer 22

blocks effecrts of aldosterone in renal tubles, causing loss of NA+ and retains potassium.

Question 23

Spironolactone AE

Answer 23

hyperkalceima, diz,rash, drowsie,hedache, gynecomastia, deepened voice, irregular menses

Question 24

Spironolactone contra

Answer 24

allergy hyperkalemia, renal disease, anuria

Question 25

Spironolactone d/d

Answer 25

salicylates

Question 26

Mannitol indication

Answer 26

renal failure, reduce intracrnial pressure and cerebral edema, reduce intraocular pressure, premote urinary excreation of toxins,

Question 27

Mannitol actions

Answer 27

elevsates osmolarlity, redure IOP, decrease swelling after surgery
pulls water into the tublues without sodium loss

Question 28

Mannitol AE

Answer 28

related to sudden drop in fluid levels

n/v/hypoTN, light headed, confusion, headache

Question 29

Mannitol contra

Answer 29

renal disease and anuria
pulmonary congestion
intracranial bleeding, dehydration CHF

Question 30

Norfloxacin indication

Answer 30

trt UTI by bacteria

acute cystitis peylonephritis

Question 31

Norfloxacin actions

Answer 31

interferes w/ DNA replication in gram negative bacteria> causing cell death ( destroys bacteria)

Question 32

Norfloxacin AE

Answer 32

head/dizz/n/v, dry mouth fever rash photosensitivity

bladder irritation, pruitus urticaria confusion

Question 33

Norfloxacin contra

Answer 33

renal dysfxn and allergy prego/lactation

Question 34

Norfloxacin d/d

Answer 34

varies with each agent

Question 35

oxybutynin indication

Answer 35

relief of bladder instabiliy accociated w/ neurogenic and reflexes

Question 36

oxybutynin actions

Answer 36

relaxes s. muscle in bladder. inhibits ACh @ muscarinic receptors

Question 37

oxybutynin AE

Answer 37

tachy, dry mouth, urinary hesitance, decease sweating, dorwz, dizz, blurred vision

Question 38

oxybutynin contra

Answer 38

pyloric duodenal surgery, recent surgery, obstructive urinary problems,glaucoma, myathis gravis, acute hemorrhage
renal / liver dysfxn

Question 39

oxybutynin d/d

Answer 39

phenothizines
haloperidol
antifungals

Question 40

Phenazopydidine (pyridium)

Answer 40

relief pain, urgency, burning, frequency, discomfort, caused by infection trauma surgery

Question 41

Phenazopydidine action

Answer 41

direct, topical analgestic effect on urinary tract mucosa

Question 42

Phenazopydidine AE

Answer 42

head,rash, yellow tinge to skin, sclara, urine, GI disturbance

Question 43

Phenazopydidine contra

Answer 43

renal dysfxn

Question 44

Phenazopydidine d/d

Answer 44

renal hepatic toxic effect w/ anitbacterial

Question 45

Doxazosin

Answer 45

treat BPH

Question 46

Doxazosin action

Answer 46

bloack postsynaptic aplha 1 adrenergic receptors> dilation of arterioles and relaxes the baldder and irunary trct

Question 47

Doxazosin AE

Answer 47

head,diz, fatiuge, postural dizz, hypoTN, GI upset, tachy, decrease libido, sexual dysfxn

Question 48

Doxazosin contra

Answer 48

renal hepatic dysfxn

Question 49

Doxazosin d/d

Answer 49

theophyllie or any anithypertensives