Kidneys Flashcards
What hormones are produced in the kidneys?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Renin-Aldosterone-Angiotensin System
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
What is the site of synthesis for EPO?
Kidney
Fetus-Liver
What is the function of EPO?
Stimulate development of RBC’s
What controls the secretion of EPO?
Endorphins
Substance P
Oxytocin
Thyroxine
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system regulates?
BP
Fluid Balance
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated if there is a loss of?
Blood Volume
BP
What signals the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin?
Macula Densa Cells
Macula densa senses a decrease in blood pressure which causes a decrease in?
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
What is the function of macula densa cells?
Stimulates renin release in juxtaglomerular cells
Osmolarity of plasma
What cells in the kidney release renin into circulation?
Juxtaglomerular Cells
What causes blood vessels to constrict?
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone from the?
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water which increases?
BP
Fluid Volume
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulates the release of?
Norepinepherine
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increases vasoconstriction of blood vessels which increases BP when the pressure is too?
Low
The kidney and it’s hormones brings BP up to?
Normal
What hormone regulates the amount of water excreted by the kidneys?
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What monitors either the amount of volume of blood going through the hypothalamus or the concentration of water in the blood?
Hypothalamus
Aldosterone is secreted from what part of the adrenal gland?
Zona Glomerulosa
What is the primary target of aldosterone?
Kidneys
Aldosterone is important for what?
Sodium and Water Absorption
PTH regulates what?
Calcium and Phosphate
What is the site of synthesis for atrial natriuretic peptide?
Atrium of the heart
ANP stimulates renal excretion of sodium by decreasing secretion of?
Angiotensin II
What’s the primary function of ADH?
Increase Renal Reabsorption of Water
What disease has a decreased output of ADH?
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus has what symptoms?
Excessive Urine Output and Thirst
Central diabetes insipidus has increased aldosterone after?
Compensation
What is the reason for increased aldosterone after compensation?
BP drops and body tries to restore it to normal
What are the physical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus?
Polyuria
Dilute Urine
Hypotension
Increased Plasma Concentration
What disease has a decreased sensitivity to ADH but and increased secretion of ADH?
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Excessive release of ADH causes what disease?
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion causes fluid overload in patients which can lead to?
Strokes
Head Trauma
Brian Tumors
