Kidneys

Question 1

What hormones are produced in the kidneys?

Answer 1

Erythropoietin (EPO)
Renin-Aldosterone-Angiotensin System
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Question 2

What is the site of synthesis for EPO?

Answer 2

Kidney

Fetus-Liver

Question 3

What is the function of EPO?

Answer 3

Stimulate development of RBC’s

Question 4

What controls the secretion of EPO?

Answer 4

Endorphins
Substance P
Oxytocin
Thyroxine

Question 5

The renin angiotensin aldosterone system regulates?

Answer 5

BP

Fluid Balance

Question 6

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated if there is a loss of?

Answer 6

Blood Volume

BP

Question 7

What signals the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin?

Answer 7

Macula Densa Cells

Question 8

Macula densa senses a decrease in blood pressure which causes a decrease in?

Answer 8

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 9

What is the function of macula densa cells?

Answer 9

Stimulates renin release in juxtaglomerular cells

Osmolarity of plasma

Question 10

What cells in the kidney release renin into circulation?

Answer 10

Juxtaglomerular Cells

Question 11

What causes blood vessels to constrict?

Answer 11

Angiotensin II

Question 12

Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone from the?

Answer 12

Adrenal Cortex

Question 13

Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water which increases?

Answer 13

BP

Fluid Volume

Question 14

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulates the release of?

Answer 14

Norepinepherine

Question 15

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increases vasoconstriction of blood vessels which increases BP when the pressure is too?

Answer 15

Low

Question 16

The kidney and it’s hormones brings BP up to?

Answer 16

Normal

Question 17

What hormone regulates the amount of water excreted by the kidneys?

Answer 17

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 18

What monitors either the amount of volume of blood going through the hypothalamus or the concentration of water in the blood?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Aldosterone is secreted from what part of the adrenal gland?

Answer 19

Zona Glomerulosa

Question 20

What is the primary target of aldosterone?

Answer 20

Kidneys

Question 21

Aldosterone is important for what?

Answer 21

Sodium and Water Absorption

Question 22

PTH regulates what?

Answer 22

Calcium and Phosphate

Question 23

What is the site of synthesis for atrial natriuretic peptide?

Answer 23

Atrium of the heart

Question 24

ANP stimulates renal excretion of sodium by decreasing secretion of?

Answer 24

Angiotensin II

Question 25

What’s the primary function of ADH?

Answer 25

Increase Renal Reabsorption of Water

Question 26

What disease has a decreased output of ADH?

Answer 26

Central Diabetes Insipidus

Question 27

Central diabetes insipidus has what symptoms?

Answer 27

Excessive Urine Output and Thirst

Question 28

Central diabetes insipidus has increased aldosterone after?

Answer 28

Compensation

Question 29

What is the reason for increased aldosterone after compensation?

Answer 29

BP drops and body tries to restore it to normal

Question 30

What are the physical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 30

Polyuria
Dilute Urine
Hypotension
Increased Plasma Concentration

Question 31

What disease has a decreased sensitivity to ADH but and increased secretion of ADH?

Answer 31

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Question 32

Excessive release of ADH causes what disease?

Answer 32

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion

Question 33

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion causes fluid overload in patients which can lead to?

Answer 33

Strokes
Head Trauma
Brian Tumors