Kidneys

Question 1

Functions of Kidneys

Answer 1

• Filtering and excreting wastes to avoid toxicity
• Maintain electrolyte, acid-base and fluid balance
• Reabsorbing nutrients
• Secreting hormones for endocrine activity
• Conversation of Vit D to active form
• Concentrating filtrate

Question 2

Functional unit of Kidney

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

Structure of Nephron

Answer 3

Renal Tubule
Renal Capsule

Question 4

Renal Capsule

Answer 4

Glomerulus surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

Question 5

Renal Tubule

Answer 5

Proximal Convoluted Tubule
↓
Loop of Henley
↓
Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 6

Biochemical parameters to assess kidney function

Answer 6

• Plasma concentrations of Urea, creatinine, Na/K bicarbonates, inorganic phosphates

• GFR
• Urine output
• Urine examination (to find blood or protein)

Question 7

Diseases of the Kidney

Answer 7

• Glomerulo nephritis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Renal failure

Question 8

Normal levels of GFR

Answer 8

125 ml/min

Question 9

Key principles of DIET IN KIDNEY DISEASES

Answer 9

Restricted consumption of
• Liquids
• Potassium
• Salt
• Phosphorus

Depending on the severity of the Kidney disease and the urinary losses/output