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Adv. biomed > Kidney Test Study Guide > Flashcards

Kidney Test Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

How do the kidneys control PH

A

They regulate the ph by filtering out hydrogen ions

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2
Q

How many nephrons

A

over 1 million

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3
Q

how any ureters

A

2

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4
Q

location of kidneys

A

behind the stomach and above your waist

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5
Q

anuria

A

no urine/without urine. your kidneys are not producing urine or that you are no peeing (enuresis)

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6
Q

catheterization

A

the action or process of inserting a catheter into a body cavity

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7
Q

cystectomy

A

a surgery to remove the urinary bladder

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8
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection

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9
Q

diuresis

A

increased or excessive production of urine

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10
Q

diuretics

A

a drug that produces diuresis (increased urine production)

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11
Q

dysuria enuresis

A

painful urination (dysuria) - discomfort or burning with urination, usually felt in the urethra or the area surrounding your genitals (perineum)

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12
Q

Glomerulus

A

a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood

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13
Q

hemodialysis

A

kidney dialysis - a process of purifying the blood of a persons whose kidneys are not working normally

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14
Q

hydroureter

A

abnormal enlargement of the ureter caused by a blockage that prevent urine from draining into the bladder

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15
Q

hypospadias

A

a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis

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16
Q

incontinence

A

lack of voluntary control over urination of defecation

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17
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

a chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain

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18
Q

lithotomy

A

surgical removal of a calculus (stone) from the bladder, kidney, or urinary tract

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19
Q

micturition

A

the act of urinating

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20
Q

nephrectasis

A

dilation or distention of the pelvis of the kidney

21
Q

nephrologists

A

medical doctors who specialize in the care of kidneys

22
Q

nephropathy

A

the deterioration of kidney function. the final stage of nephropathy is kidney failure, end stage renal disease, or ESRD

23
Q

Nephrosis

A

kidney diseases, especially when characterized by edema and the loss of protein from the plasma into the urine due to increased glomerular permeability

24
Q

Nocturia

A

a disease that causes you to wake up during the night to urinate frequently

25
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person’s abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged within the blood. It is a way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can adequately

26
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

27
Q

uremia

A

a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys

28
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra

29
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

irritation and bleeding of the urethra - seen most in adolescent boys

30
Q

what kidneys filter out

A

salts, water, glucose, amino acids, and waste products from your blood into the bowman’s capsule

31
Q

how kidneys maintain homeostasis

A

the nephron filters our salts, water, glucose, amino acids, and waste products from your blood into the bowman’s capsule. The liquid then grows through a tubule that reabsorbs irons, glucose, water, and amino acids into your bloodstream

32
Q

how much urine humans produce

A

2 liters a day

33
Q

how kidneys control level of sodium

A

kidneys help control the levels of sodium in your blood by removing and reabsorbing irons

34
Q

what is a bowman’s capsule

A

a part of the nephron that forms a cup like sack surrounding the glomerulus. wastes are filtered from the blood in the glomerulus located in the bowman’s capsule

35
Q

what are nitrogenous waste products

A

ammonia, urea, and uric acid

36
Q

Nursing assessment

A
  • change in voiding habits
  • problem with elimination or changes in patterns of urination
  • frequency
  • nocturia
  • hesitancy of stream
  • urgency
  • incontinence
  • retention
  • dribbling
  • hematuria
37
Q

Nursing assessment - subjective

A
  • urethral discharge
  • burning on voiding
  • pain: suprapubic or flank
  • pruritus, dry skin
38
Q

stress incontinence

A

leakage of urine from coughing, laughing jogging, dancing, etc

39
Q

urge incontinence

A

Occurs when a person is unable to suppress the sudden urge to urinate

40
Q

overflow incontinence

A

when the bladder becomes so full and distended that urine leaks out

41
Q

total incontinence

A

when no urine can be retained in the bladder, usually due to neurologic problem

42
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

incontinence that occurs during sleep

43
Q

Infection disorder: cystitis

A
  • inflammation of the urinary bladder
  • more common in females
  • common causes are coitus, prostatitis and diabetes mellitus
    S/S
  • dysuria, urgency, frequency, hematuria
  • pyuria
  • bladder spasms
44
Q

Infectious disorder: pyelonephritis

A
  • a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys
    pathology
  • ascending infection from a lower GU tract infection
  • staph or strep infection in the blood
    S/S
  • nausea, chills, dysuria, CVA (costovertebral angle tenderness)
45
Q

Obstructive disorders: urinary Bladder Tumor

A
  • the only early warning signs are: increased urinary frequency and painless, intermittent hematuria
  • main risk factor is cigarette smoking
46
Q

dialysis

A
  • a mechanical means of removing nitrogenous waste from the blood by imitating the function of the nephrons
  • two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
  • strict aseptic care is mandatory for dialysis clients
47
Q

explain the urethral control and concepts related to incontinence

A

The internal urethral sphincter regulates involuntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra, and the external urethral sphincter provides voluntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra.

48
Q

Describe the normal characteristics of freshly voided urine in a healthy adult

A

clear (clear to light pale yellow) and transparent urine

49
Q

why do females tend to get more UTI’s and how can you prevent them?

A

females get more UTI’s because the distance from the urethra to the bladder is significantly less than that in males. Therefore, UTI’s are more common in females. Additionally, in males, UTI’s are less common because as they urinate, the acid from the urine breaks down bacteria, therefore, if any bacteria is present int he urethra, urine may have a chance of killing it before is reaches the bladder
some ways to prevent UTI’s include: urination after sex, drinking liquids in order to urinate, wipe from front to back and not back to front, avoid holding in your pee

Adv. biomed (2 decks)

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