Kidney Test Flashcards
AKI or CKD refers to
Damage to the kidney, more specifically the nephron. The nephron contains GFR
Waste products of protein
Urea and Cr
Where is protein broken down?
Liver
Kidneys produce what two hormones
EPO: helps create RBCs in bone marrow, no EPO being produced leads to anemia because of no RBC
Renin: High Bp, Glomerulus filtering thinks Bp is low so renin is released by kidneys to increase Bp. MAKING BP EXTRA HIGH
How is Vitamin D involved?
Kidneys help activate VIT D for calcium to be absorbed, Vit D is being hindered by damaged kidneys so calcium isn’t being absorbed therefore leading to hypocalcemia
CKD, Urea is?
elevated
CKD, Creatine is?
elevated
CKD, Urinary Output is?
Decreased
CKD, potassium is?
elevated
CKD, phosphate is?
elevated
CKD, calcium is?
decreased
CKD, magnesium is?
elevated
CKD, proteinuria is?
positive
CKD, Hypo or hypervolemic?
Hypervolemic!
Oligura?
<400mL/day
Anuria?
<100mL/day
CKD, hematuria is?
positive
Pre renal means
before
Intra renal means
within
Post renal means
after
Pre renal
blood flow to kidney is inadequate
Causes:
hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, renal vascular obstruction, hepatorenal syndrome
Intra renal
damage to kidney itself
Causes:
tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, vascular- atherosclerotic or embolic disease, vasculitis
post renal
obstruction of urine flow
causes mechanical: urinary calculi, BPH, cancer, thrombus
Functional: neurogenic bladder, spinal cord injury, MS
AKI diet
decrease fluids, decrease protein, decrease electrolytes
CKD diet
decrease fluids, MANAGE PROTEIN, ADEQUATE CARBS
Main causes of CKD:
HTN and diabetes
CKD is classified as
longer than 3 months
Azotemia is
build up of urea in the blood
S/S nausea and vomiting
Asterixis
hand flapping
decreased GFR means
increased UREA
ammonia causes acid to build up causing
metabolic acidosis
Risk factors for AKI
hospitalized pt older age hypertension diabetes PVD Liver disease CKD prolonged ventilation
AKI is a sudden
loss of kidney’s ability to excrete wastes, concentrates urine, manage fluids electrolytes, and acid/base balance
Signs and Symptoms of AKI
pulmonary crackles dependent or generalized edema decrease in o2 tachypnea dyspnea azotemia oliguria
Complications of PD
Peritonitis infection at catheter site loss of albumin poor dialysis inflow or outflow hyperglycemia, wt gain risk for hernia, pulmonary compromise
Graft rejection
fever, wt gain, tenderness over graft, decrease UO, increase BUN and Cr,
DOESNT MEAN
