Kidney Surgery Flashcards
Which kidney is more cranial?
Right kidney (lies in liver fossa0
What is always important to consider when you are performing a spey in terms of the kidneys?
There is a big vein that joins to the left ovary.
What are the indications for kidney removal (nephrectomy)? *
Cysts Primary neoplasms Renal abscesses Polycystic renal disease Unilateral hydronephrosis Trauma
What is a potential reason for bilateral hydronephrosis?
Bladder neck tumour that causes a chronic urine outflow obstruction.
Animal needs to be euthanised.
What are four causes of hydronephrosis?**
Bladder neck tumour
Ectopic ureters
Tying off vein during spey
Maybe urolith as well
What are some indications for partial nephrectomy?
Infarct
Trauma
Early signs of cyst
What is a pyelolithotomy?
Removal of small uroliths from renal pelvis & calyces
What are the five exits of the ureters (normal and abnormal)
Vagina/colon Uterus Bladder trigone Urethra (bad) Bladder neck (bad)
What does intramural mean in terms of kidneys?
If ureter passes through sphincter it is incorrect - this is poor prognosis.
What is the genetic predisposition for ectopic ureters?
Husky
Labrador
Standard poodle
Golden Retriever
What clinical signs will you see in ectopic ureters?
Urinary incontinence from birth
Cystitis
No clinical signs
Why do you get hydronephrosis from ectopic ureter?
Pressure issue where ureter exits into the bladder trigone
How do you diagnose ectopic ureters? **
Positive contrast excretory urography Retrograde positive contrast vaginogram Retrograde positive contrast urethrogram Endoscopy Ultrasound & fluoroscopy Computed tomography
what surgery procedure would you perform if you have intramural ectopic ureter?
Neo-ureterostotomy where you move ureter back to where it’s meant to be.
