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MNT 2 > Kidney Stones > Flashcards

Kidney Stones Flashcards

1
Q

another name for kidney stones

A

nephrolithiasis

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2
Q

pathophysiology of kidney stones

A

saturation, super saturation, nucleation, crystal growth, crystal retention, stone formation

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3
Q

most common kind of kidney stones

A

calcium stones

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4
Q

causes of calcium stones

A
  • hypercalciuria (high Ca in urine)
  • hyperthyroidism/hyperparathyroidism
  • excess vitamin D
  • glucocorticoid use
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • idiopathic
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5
Q

3 most common types of stones

A

calcium, oxalate, uric acid

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6
Q

Causes of oxalate stones

A

Inflammatory bowel syndrome - causes fat malabsorption - bile acid and fatty acid in GI tract increases permeability to oxalate - also unabsorbed FAs bind to CA so there is less Ca to bind to oxalate

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7
Q

Endogenous synthesis of oxalate is proportional to

A

Lean body mass

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8
Q

Causes of oxalate stones

A

excess vitamin c (especially CKD)

Low pyridoxone (B6) - will leave you with excess glyoxylate which turns to oxylate

Eating excess oxylate in your diet

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9
Q

Risk factors for kidney stones

A

Diabetes
Obesity
Metabolic syndrome
IBD

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10
Q

High oxylate foods

A 
Rhubarb
Spinach
Strawberries
Chocolate
Wheat bran/whole wheat products
Nuts
Beets
Tea
Turmeric
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11
Q

Uris acid is end product of

A

Purine metabolism

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12
Q

Uris acid stones that crystallize out of your blood and travel to toe or ankle cause

A

Gout

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13
Q

Uric acid stones are caused by

A

Part from endogenous source (tissue catabolism)

Part from diet

From super-saturation when pH of urine

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14
Q

Other risk factors for Uric acid stones

A

IBD - leads to acidic urine due to dehydration

Diabetes

Foods high in purines

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15
Q

Foods high in purines

A 
Organ meats
Anchovies
Herrings
Sardines
Meat-based broth
Gravies
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16
Q

Treatment for Uric acid stones

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ECSWL)

17
Q

Cysteine stones

A

From alkaline blood - treat with meds to balance pH and lots of fluid

18
Q

Melamine stones

A

Drug that was in Chinese baby food and caused stones

19
Q

Struvite stones

A

“Infection stones” from UTIs

Formed in presence of bacteria, breaks down urea to NH3 and CO2

Treat with antibiotics and responds to ECSWL

20
Q

MNT for kidney stones

A

Lots of fluid (2.5 L) - 250 ml at every meal, between meals, during night, to avoid concentrated morning urine

High animal protein correlates with more stones

Ca intake should be normal, vit D intake should not be excess

Watch intake of oxylate foods, purine foods, Vit C, Vit B6

21
Q

Treatment for Ca and oxylate stones

A

Have to pass them

22
Q

Why care about kidney stones

A

Can damage kidney

Can block kidney and cause nitrogen wastes to build up, which can damage the brain

23
Q

Risk factors for kidney stones

A

Diabetes
Obesity
Metabolic syndrome
IBD

24
Q

High oxylate foods

A 
Rhubarb
Spinach
Strawberries
Chocolate
Wheat bran/whole wheat products
Nuts
Beets
Tea
Turmeric
25
Q

Uris acid is end product of

A

Purine metabolism

26
Q

Uris acid stones that crystallize out of your blood and travel to toe or ankle cause

A

Gout

27
Q

Uric acid stones are caused by

A

Part from endogenous source (tissue catabolism)

Part from diet

From super-saturation when pH of urine

28
Q

Other risk factors for Uric acid stones

A

IBD - leads to acidic urine due to dehydration

Diabetes

Foods high in purines

29
Q

Foods high in purines

A 
Organ meats
Anchovies
Herrings
Sardines
Meat-based broth
Gravies
30
Q

Treatment for Uric acid stones

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ECSWL)

31
Q

Cysteine stones

A

From alkaline blood - treat with meds to balance pH and lots of fluid

32
Q

Melamine stones

A

Drug that was in Chinese baby food and caused stones

33
Q

Struvite stones

A

“Infection stones” from UTIs

Formed in presence of bacteria, breaks down urea to NH3 and CO2

Treat with antibiotics and responds to ECSWL

34
Q

MNT for kidney stones

A

Lots of fluid (2.5 L) - 250 ml at every meal, between meals, during night, to avoid concentrated morning urine

High animal protein correlates with more stones

Ca intake should be normal, vit D intake should not be excess

Watch intake of oxylate foods, purine foods, Vit C, Vit B6

35
Q

Treatment for Ca and oxylate stones

A

Have to pass them

36
Q

Why care about kidney stones

A

Can damage kidney

Can block kidney and cause nitrogen wastes to build up, which can damage the brain

MNT 2 (9 decks)

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