Kidney Spec

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Removal of toxic waste products of metabolism (urea and creatine)

Question 2

Osmoregulation

Answer 2

Maintenance of optimal water potential of body fluids

Question 3

What does the proximal convoluted tubule consist of

Answer 3

Cuboidal epithelium containing numerous of mitochondria with surface microvilli and basal invaginations

Question 4

Descending limb

Answer 4

Cuboidal epithelium, which is permeable to water

Question 5

Ascending limb

Answer 5

Impermeable to water

Question 6

DCT and collecting duct insists of

Answer 6

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 7

Structure of the filter

Answer 7

Squamous endothelium of the blood capillaries in the glomerulus.
Basement membrane as affect the filter.
Podocytes in the wall of the Bowmans capsule

Question 8

Main driving force for ultra filtration

Answer 8

High blood pressure within Glomerular capillaries

Question 9

Opposes blood pressure

Answer 9

Osmotic gradient from the filtrate in the nephron into the glomerular capillaries opposes the blood pressure

Question 10

Which arteriol is wider in diameter

Answer 10

Afferent

Question 11

Why is the resistance to further filtration

Answer 11

Due to back pressure of the filtrate in the nephron

Question 12

Selective readsorption

Answer 12

In the proximal convoluted tubule there is active transport of salt, glucose and amino acids from the filtrate into the cuboidal epithelium and then into the capillaries of the vasa recta system

Question 13

How is osmotic gradient made in and what is it responsible for

Answer 13

Lorene on the site potential in the cuboidal epithelium and blood capillaries. Resultant osmotic gradient responsible for the bulk of water reabsorbed

Question 14

In DCT And CD selective readsorption

Answer 14

In the distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct there is facultative reabsorption of water dependent on the permeability of the epithelial lining which, in turn, is dependent on the level of 80 H in the blood

Question 15

How is cone filtrate made at apex of loop

Answer 15

The loss of water from the descending limb concentrates on filtrate at the apex of the loop

Question 16

What exits the ascending limb

Answer 16

Sodium and chlorine ions into the surrounding medulla tissue

Question 17

Why do we create a salt gradient

Answer 17

For the somatic recovery of water from the filtrate as it passes through the descending limb of the loop of henle, the DCT and CD

Question 18

What are o’s preceptors on the hypothalamus sensitive to?

Answer 18

The solute potential of the blood

Question 19

Why is there variation in the ADH synthesis by the hypothalamus

Answer 19

In relation to the solute potential of the blood

Question 20

Where is ADH stored and released

Answer 20

From the pituitary gland into the blood stream

Question 21

What does ADH do

Answer 21

Increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts to water

Question 22

Negative feed back by role of ADH in o’s regulation in mammals

Answer 22

The solute potential of the blood lowered during exercise.
The corrective mechanism involves increased ADH synthesis and release into the bloodstream. Consequent increased reabsorption of water from the filtrate into the blood.
Increase solute potential of the blood results in decreased ADH secretion thereby inactivating the corrective mechanism