Kidney Flashcard

Question 1

Parathyroid PTH

Answer 1

increases blood calcium levels

Question 2

Renin

Answer 2

-stimulated in response to low BP
-efferent arteriole constriction
-inc. in FF and GFR
-stimulates aldosterone
-Na+ reabsorption in the proximal and distal tubule

Question 3

Aldosterone

Answer 3

-secreted in response to low BP and high K in plasma via RAAS
-increases blood pressure by the reabsorption of Na+ into the kidney and secretion of K+ and H+ through urination

Question 4

Vasopressin

Answer 4

(ADH) causes the insertion of
aquaporin channels (AQP2) and increased water retention into the collecting duct

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 5

-Secreted in response to high atrial pressure
-Decreases blood pressure through Na+ loss and volume loss
-Increases GFR

Question 6

Angiotensin(I) Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Answer 6

-a therapeutic target (ACE-I) for treating hypertension
-turns angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 7

what coordinates blood pressure homeostasis?

Answer 7

The renal, cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems

Question 8

Explain the steps of the RAAS system

Answer 8

1. system is activated when there is a low renal pressure
2. juxtaglomerular cells produce renin
3. the renin turns angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
4. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by ACE
5. Angiotensin II constricts systemic constriction, it also releases aldosterone, and the hypothalamus tells us that we want to drink water
6. ADH increases water retention, aldosterone increases sodium retention

Question 9

Factors that affect GFR include:

Answer 9

1. Changes in renal blood flow, systemic blood pressure
2. Arteriole constriction (afferent or efferent)
3. Changes in protein concentration, dehydration,
   osmolarity
4. Changes in hydrostatic pressure within Bowman’s capsule

Question 10

The filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 10

determines how fast material
moves from the plasma to the urine

Question 11

hypokalemia