kidney failure Flashcards
What gland releases ADH?
Posterior pituitary gland
Define oliguria and anuria
In AKI
oliguria = less than 400/500mL per 24 hrs in adults
Anuria = non passage of urine, defined as a passage of less than 100ml of urine a day
Biochemical markers for AKI?
Electrolyte imbalance - hyperkalaemia and met acidosis
Rapidly rising blood urea and creatinine
Outline the 3 diagnostic criteria for AKI
Meet one of the criteria:
- serum creatinine rises by 26mmol/l from baseline value w/in 24 hrs
- serum creatinine rises 1.5 fold from baseline value w/in a week
- urine output is <0.5ml/kg/hr for >6 consecutive hrs
Give an example of a pre-renal cause of AKI
Bleeding, burns, sepsis (any shock)
cardiac failure
What is glomerulonephritis?
large group of diseases associated to glomerular
usually autoimmune
Common causes of obstruction or ureter
Lumen - stone
wall - tumour or inflammation
extrinsic - mass
Why would you get polyuria in CKD?
Polyuria = increased urine volume
there is a concentration failure, kidney can’t reabsorb water and salts