kidney failure Flashcards

1
Q

What gland releases ADH?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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2
Q

Define oliguria and anuria

A

In AKI
oliguria = less than 400/500mL per 24 hrs in adults
Anuria = non passage of urine, defined as a passage of less than 100ml of urine a day

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3
Q

Biochemical markers for AKI?

A

Electrolyte imbalance - hyperkalaemia and met acidosis

Rapidly rising blood urea and creatinine

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4
Q

Outline the 3 diagnostic criteria for AKI

A

Meet one of the criteria:

  1. serum creatinine rises by 26mmol/l from baseline value w/in 24 hrs
  2. serum creatinine rises 1.5 fold from baseline value w/in a week
  3. urine output is <0.5ml/kg/hr for >6 consecutive hrs
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5
Q

Give an example of a pre-renal cause of AKI

A

Bleeding, burns, sepsis (any shock)

cardiac failure

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6
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

large group of diseases associated to glomerular

usually autoimmune

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7
Q

Common causes of obstruction or ureter

A

Lumen - stone
wall - tumour or inflammation
extrinsic - mass

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8
Q

Why would you get polyuria in CKD?

A

Polyuria = increased urine volume

there is a concentration failure, kidney can’t reabsorb water and salts

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