Kidney Disease Findings

Question 1

Microscopic findings show presence of WBCs, RBC/Heme, Protein, RBC casts.

Other things noted are high urea, creatinine in blood, edema observed, blood and protein in urine, and low protein in blood. The results suggest what disease?

Answer 1

Glomerulonephritis

Question 2

Urinalysis findings show presence of WBCs, RBCs, bacteria, mild proteinuria, and increased pH (assume specimen was examined within 2 hours).

Other findings: Positive urine culture
What disease / disorder is suggested?

Answer 2

Lower urinary tract infection

Question 3

Urinalysis findings show presence of RBCs, crystals, and pH changes.

No findings for other laboratory findings.
Note: patient in pain…a lot.
What disease / disorder is suggested?

Answer 3

Renal stones
Crystals can be calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine stones.

Question 4

Urinalysis findings show presence of gross hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts, hyaline, granular casts

Other laboratory findings show a positive for antistreptolysin O serology.
What do the results suggest?

Answer 4

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 5

Urinalysis findings show the presence of gross hematuria, proteinuria, and RBC casts.

Other laboratory findings find increase in BUN, Creatinine, and decrease in creatinine clearance.
What do the results suggest?

Answer 5

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 6

Urinalysis findings show gross hematuria, proteinuria, and RBC casts.

Other lab findings show antiglomerular basemembrane antibodies.
What do the results suggest?

Answer 6

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 7

Urinalysis findings show RBCs, and proteinuria.

Other lab findings show antinuclear antibodies, hepatitis B antigens, and a positive FTA - ABS.
What do the results suggest?

Answer 7

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 8

Urinalysis findings show RBCs, proteinuria, glucose, cellular granular, waxy, and broad casts.

Other lab findings show increased BUN, Increased
What do the results suggest?

Answer 8

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 9

Urinalysis findings show presence of RBCs, proteinuria, glucose, cellular, granular, waxy, and broad casts.

Other laboratory findings show increased BUN, increased creatinine, and decreased creatinine clearance.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 9

Berger, IgA nephropathy

Question 10

Urinalysis found nothing remarkable.

Other laboratory findings show the patient has oligouria, increased BUN, increased creatinine, decreased in creatinine clearance.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 10

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 11

Urinalysis found heavy proteinuria, RBCs, RTEs, oval fat bodies, fat droplets, fatty and waxy casts.

Other laboratory findings show decreased serum albumin, and increased serum lipids.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 11

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

Urinalysis findings show heavy proteinuria, RBCs, RTEs, fat droplets.

Other laboratory findings show decreased serum albumin, increased serum lipids.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 12

Minimal change disease

Question 13

Urinalysis findings show proteinuria and RBCs.
Laboratory

Other laboratory findings found no drugs in patient’s system however genetic testing found the patient has the gene FSGS (or APOL1)
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 13

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
* Heavy drug ( heroin, bisphosponates, or anabolic steroids) can lead to disease
* Genes FSGS or APOL1 can increase risk of disease.

Question 14

Urinalysis findings show heavy proteinuria, RBCs, RTEs, oval fat bodies, fat droplets, fatty and waxy casts.

Other laboratory findings found nothing remarkable.
What do these results suggest?

Answer 14

Alport Syndrome

Question 15

Urinalysis findings show microalbuminuria.

Other laboratory findings show presence of blood glucose, increased BUN, increased creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance, and polyuria.
What do these results suggest?

Answer 15

Diabetic nephropathy
* Microalbumin is a sign of diabetic kidney damage and is not detected by urine dipsticks.

Question 16

Urinalysis findings show proteinuria, microhematuria, RTE cells, RTE casts, hyaline, granular, waxy, broad casts

Other laboratory findings show hemoglobin, hematocrit, and cardiac enzymes
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 16

Acute tubular necrosis
*will come back. No idea how hemoglobin, hematocrit, and cardiac enzyme play a role in disease.

Question 17

Urinalysis findings show presence of glucose, and cystine crystals.

Other laboratory findings show amino acid in urine, and altered electrolytes.
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 17

Fanconi syndrome

Question 18

Urinalysis findings show decreased specific gravity.

Other laboratory findings show decreased osmolarity, antidiuretic hormones, and polyuria.
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 18

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 19

Urinalysis findings show presence of glucose.

Other laboratory findings find nothing remarkable.
What do these results suggest?

Answer 19

Renal glycosuria

Question 20

Urinalysis findings show the presence of glucose.

Other laboratory findings show increased urine calcium, kidney stones, increased blood potassium.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 20

Renal tubular acidosis

Question 21

Urinalysis findings show presence of RBCs, proteinuria, WBCs, eosinophils, and WBC casts.

Other laboratory findings show eosinophils in urine (will require staining) increased BUN, increased creatinine, and decreased creatinine clearance.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 21

Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 22

Urinalysis findings find WBCs, RBCs, bacteria, proteinuria, increased pH, and WBC casts. Assume urine was examined within 2 hours of collection.

Other laboratory findings show increased BUN, increased creatinine, positive urine cultures, and positive blood cultures.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 22

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 23

Urinalysis findings show WBCs, RBCs, bacteria, proteinuria, increased pH, WBC casts, granular, waxy, and broad casts.

Other laboratory findings found increased BUN, increased creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance, positive urine cultures, and positive blood cultures.
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 23

Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 24

Urinalysis findings show proteinuria, hemoglobinurea, RTEs, and RTE casts, WBC and other casts, and crystals.

Other laboratory findings show decreased urine output with inability to vary specific gravity, increased BUN, increased creatinine, and decreased creatinine clearance.
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 24

Acute renal failure

Question 25

Urinalysis findings show proteinuria, hemoglobinuria, waxy and broad casts, and crystals.

Other laboratory findings show decreased urine output with inability to vary specific gravity, increased BUN, increased creatinine, and decreased creatinine clearance.
What do the findings suggest?

Answer 25

Chronic renal failure