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RENAL & GENITO-URINARY System > Kidney and Renal Tract > Flashcards

Kidney and Renal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the kidney?

A 
Salt and water homeostasis
Excretion of waste
Humoral regulation of other organs:
- Bone (vit D)
- RBC (Erythropoietin)
- BV (renin)
- Selectivity barrier
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2
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

A

Nephron - glomerulus is the 1st part = filters blood

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3
Q

What occurs with kidney dysfunction regarding salt and water homeostasis?

A

Salt and water homeostasis:

  • Changes in total body water
  • Changes in BP
  • Changes in urine vol or conc
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4
Q

What occurs with kidney dysfunction regarding

excretion of waste products?

A

Uraemia
Acidosis e.g. lactic acid
Potassium, phosphate, uric acid
Clearance of drugs

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5
Q

What occurs with kidney dysfunction regarding humoral disturbance

A

Anaemia
Renal bone disease
Hypertension

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6
Q

What occurs with kidney dysfunction regarding barrier failure?

A

Haematuria
Proteinuria
Lipiduria

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7
Q

What is GFR?

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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8
Q

K/DOQI classification?

A

Stage 1 = Kidney damage/normal GFR = >90 GFR
2 = mild renal insufficiency 89-60 GFR
3 = moderate renal insufficiency 59-30
4 = severe renal insufficiency, 29-15 GFR
5 = kidney failure, <15

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9
Q

How to treat chronic renal failure?

A

Mild/moderate:
Diet
Supplements - alkali, vit D, iron
Drugs - phosphate, hypertension, anaemia

Severe:
Dialysis
Transplantation

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10
Q

Clinical syndromes of the kidney?

A 
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Nephrotic syndrome 
Nephritic syndrome
Malignant hypertension
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11
Q

Top 5 causes of kidney failure?

A 
Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Diabetes
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypertension/renovascular
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12
Q

Cause of splinter haemorrhages?

A

Endocarditis

Vasculitis

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13
Q

What to ask if the splinter haemorrhage is only on one hand?

A

If left or right handed - if done any strenuous activity

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14
Q

Complications of ESRF - hemodialysis/CAPD?

A

CVD:

  • Hypertension
  • K-related arrhythmias
  • Cardiac valvular calcifications
  • Infections
  • Malnutrition
  • Renal osteodystrophy
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15
Q

Complications of transplantation?

A

Immunosuppression:

  • Infection
  • Cancer

CAN
CVD

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16
Q

Gingival overgrowth is associated with what drugs?

A

Cyclosporin (transplants/immunosuppression GN)

Antihypertensives - Ca channel blockers; amlodipine, diltiazem, nifedipine

17
Q

What to take into account with kidney issues and being a dentist?

A 
Immunosuppressed
Malnourished - prone to infecs
Prophylactic antibiotics
May have difficulty lying supine
Likely to have fluid restriction
Drug elimination

RENAL & GENITO-URINARY System (4 decks)

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