kidney 3 Flashcards
what are the 2 functions of the juxta-glomerular apparatus?
connects distal convoluted tubules with glomerulus
measure and respond to changes in Na+ conc. of filtrate
what are the 3 components of the juxta-glomerular apparatus?
macula densa -detect Na conc. juxtaglomerular cells -adjust diameter of afferent arterioles mesangial cells -supporting cells
what are the steps of the angiotensinogen-system restoring bp via angiotensin II
- angiotensinogen released into circulation
- renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
- angiotensinogen converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into II
- angiotensin II potent vasoconstrictor-increase bp
how is blood volume restored?
angiotensin II binds target receptors on:
- arterioles- constriction
- hypothalamus - thirst
- pituitary - release ADH
- adrenal medulla- release aldosterone
what are the consequences of chronic kidney disease?
inadequate removal of fluid and waste products of metabolism
inappropriate activation of RAAS
what are the causes of CKD?
hypertension diabetes high cholesterol kidney infections glomerulonephritis polycystic kidney disease kidney stones long-term use of NSAIDS
what are the symptoms of CKD?
hypertension nausea oedema -ankles, hands, feet, lungs blood/protein in urine anaemia weak/painful bones
how is hypertension regulated?
diet(reduce salt/weight loss) combination tx diuretics (furosemide) ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker aldosterone agonist
how does furosemide work?
targets NKCC2
-Na reabsorptio
describe stage 5 kidney failure
end-stage renal disease
less than 15% function
dialysis/ transplant rn
what is dialysis?
artificial removal of wastes, solutes, water and toxins from blood
2 types:
haemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
