KIDNEY Flashcards

1
Q

define : azotemia

A

increased BUN + creatinine b/c of decreased glomerular filtration rate

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2
Q

azotemia + clinical manifestations

A

uremia

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3
Q

define : nephritic syndrome

commonly seen in?

A

mild proteinuria, HTN, hematuria

acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

define: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

nephritic syndrome with rapid decline in GFR

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5
Q

define: nephrotic syndrome

A

heavy proteinuria(3.5 gm/day), hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

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6
Q

is acute renal failure reversible

A

YES

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7
Q

** 4 stage of chronic renal failure **

A
  1. diminished renal reserve = GFR 50% of normal
    - normal BUN/creatinine - asymptomatic
  2. renal insufficiency = GFR 20-50% normal
    - azotemia,anemia, HTN
  3. chronic renal failure = GFR 20-25% of normal
    - metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, edema
  4. end-stage renal disease = GFR less than 5% of normal
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8
Q

systemic diseases associated w/ glomerular disease

A

amyloidosis, SLE, diabetes, vasculitis

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9
Q

components of glomerular capillary wall

A
  1. fenestrated endothelial layer
  2. GBM-electronegativity
  3. visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)- filtration slits
    - responsible for PROTEINS

supported by mesangial cells

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10
Q

define : crescents

which molecule is responsible for formation?

A

accumulation of epithelial cells with infiltrating leukocytes
-FIBRIN

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11
Q

ant-GBM nephritis attacks what?

A

NCI domain of collagen type IV

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12
Q

Heymann Nephritis characteristics

A

electron dense deposits along SUBEPITHELIAL

GRANULAR - IF microscopy

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13
Q

** Anti-GMB antibody induced glomerulonephritis

A

LINEAR- IF microscopy

deposit in the basement membrane

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14
Q

IF GRANULAR associated w?

A

circulating and in situ immune complex nephritis

-granular b/c they deposit everywhere along glomeruli

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15
Q

progressive renal damage leads to which two major histologic characteristics?

A
  1. FSGS

2. tubulointerstitial fibrosis

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16
Q

describe: FSGS

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A
  1. adaptive changes in undamaged glomeruli (hypertrophy) maintain renal fxn for awhile.
  2. cant maintain - so proteinuria and SGS develops- then uremia
17
Q

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis comes after?

most common age group

A

1-4 weeks after impetigo

kids 6-10, but adults also affected