kidney Flashcards
function of renal artery?
carry blood to the kidney
function of renal vein?
carry blood away from kidney
function of kidney?
filter waste products from blood, produce urine, osmoregulation.
function of ureter?
carries urine to bladder
function of bladder?
to hold urine.
function of urethra?
carries urine out of body.
function of capsule?
surrounds kidney, tough and fibrous
function of cortex?
underneath capsule, has rich blood supply.
function of medulla?
contains loop of henle (of the nephron)
function of pyramid?
collection of tubules, collecting ducts and blood vessels.
function of pelvis?
central chamber- urine arrives here from the collecting duct.
ultrafiltration?
filtration where large molecules stay in the blood and small molecules leave.
podocytes?
specialised cells that make up the Bowmans capsule, act like a sieve.
selective reabsorption?
some substances are removed from the fluid and reabsorbed back to the blood (in the PCT)
filtrate?
liquid that has passed into the tubule.
ultrafiltration in Bowmans capsule
the blood in the capilliaries is separated from he lumen of the Bowmans capsule by three layers.
1. endothelium
2. basement membrane
3. podocytes (epithelium of the renal capsule)
the gaps allow most molecules to pass through but prevents large molecules. e.g. plasma proteins, from passing through.
selective reabsorption, stage 2
all glucose, amino acids, vitamins and many sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed from the pct back into the blood.
adaptations:
- nephron epithelial cells have microvilli- gibe large surface area.
- have many mitochondria to provide ATP for active transport.
-membrane has channels/carrier proteins to allow active transport and facilitated diffusion.
