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Neuro-Psych Exam II > Kiddo Drugs > Flashcards

Kiddo Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the number 1 drug abused on college campuses?

A

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

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2
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD in children?

A

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

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3
Q

Methylphenidate:
Drug Class
Therapeutic Use

A 
amphetamine based (^^NE, DA, 5HT) 
ADHD, Narcolepsy
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4
Q

Concerta:
Drug Class
Therapeutic Use
Special feature*

A

Methylphenidate based
ADHD, Narcolepsy
*Extended release tablet

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5
Q

Metadate CD:
Drug Class
Therapeutic Use
Special feature*

A

Methylphenidate based
ADHD, Narcolepsy
*Effective throughout the day/ biphasic release

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6
Q

Focalin:
Drug Class
Therapeutic Use
Special feature*

A

Methylphenidate based
ADHD, Narcolepsy
D-isomer; prescribe at 1/2 dose

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7
Q

Daytrana:
Drug Class
Therapeutic Use
Special feature/ROA*

A

Methylphenidate based
ADHD, Narcolepsy
Administered in patch form; good for temperamental kids who refuse to take meds (6-12 y/o)

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8
Q

MOA for all Methylphenidate based drugs?

A
  1. ^ NT in central NE/DA systems
  2. non-competitive inhibit NE, DA reuptake
  3. MAOi
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9
Q

5 Effects of Methylphenidate based drugs?

A
  1. ^ attention, concentration, talkativeness
  2. ^ vigilance, wakefulness
  3. decrease fatigue, appetite
    * used to be dietary supplement
  4. ^ mood, elation, euphoria, self confidence
  5. ^ psychomotor stim
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10
Q

3 Important ADR of Methylphenidate based drugs?

A
  1. (#1) GI upset/ abdominal pain/ weight loss
  2. restlessness/ anxiety/ insomnia
  3. Convulsions w/ high doses
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11
Q

3 contraindications for Methylphenidate based drugs?

A
  1. Seizure disorders
  2. glaucoma
  3. Hx drug abuse
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12
Q

MOA for all Amphetamines

Therapeutic Use?

A

Dose dependent release of NE/ DA / 5HT (^ Doses do all 3)

Tx: ADHD, Narcolepsy

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13
Q

What are the effects of amphetamines?

How do they differ from Methylphenidate based drugs?

A
  • Effects are the same
  • More side effects
  • Higher abuse potential
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14
Q

4 Contraindications to amphetamine use:

A
  1. CVD
  2. Glaucoma
  3. MAOi
  4. Hx of drug abuse
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15
Q

Describe the ADRs associated with amphetamine use?

How would you treat a seizure induced by amphetamines?

A

Same as methylphenidate based drugs but more severe; treat convulsions in ED with BDZ

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16
Q

Adderall /Adderall XR:

Drug class

A

Amphetamines

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17
Q

Dextroamphetamine:

Drug Class

A

Amphetamines

18
Q

Lisdexamfetamine:

Drug class + special feature

A

Amphetamines

prodrug for Dextroamphetamine

19
Q 
Atomoxetine: 
MOA 
Therapeutic Use 
Metabolism? 
CI (2)?
A

Selective NE reuptake inhibitor
Tx: ADHD in kids > 6yo, adults w/ abuse hx
Metabolism: CYP2D6 (watch for poor metabolizers)
CI: CVD*, MAOi

20
Q

Clonidine, Guanfacine:
MOA
Therapeutic use? Good for which group?
CI

A

a2 Adrenergic Agonist
Guanfacine is guana bind a2
Used as second line ADHD treatment; good for kids with aggression
CI: CVD

21
Q

Which three “groups” of drugs can be used to treat kids with oppositional defiant/ conduct disorder?

A
  1. ADHD meds (methylphenidate, amphetamines, a2 agonists)
  2. Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate)
  3. Atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole)
22
Q

Dosing of ADHD drugs for ODD, CD?

A

kids get higher dose than those treated for just ADHD

23
Q

Which childhood disorder is thought to be a precursor to bipolar disease/ antisocial PD?

A

Conduct disorder

24
Q

What does Lithium do for kids with ODD/ CD

A

control aggression

  • Watch SE’s!
  • May administer with antipsychotic, in which case REALLY watch SE’s
25
Q

What does valproate do for kids with ODD/ CD

A

stabilize mood

* May administer with antipsychotic–> watch SE’s

26
Q

Atypical antipsychotics that are OK to give to kids with ODD/ CD (2)

A
  1. Risperidone
  2. Aripiprazole
    ** Avoid both if possible due to high SE profile
    (metabolic effects)
27
Q

4 Drugs to treat ADHD asstd Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Inattention an Hyperactivity

A
  1. Methylphenidate***
  2. α2 adrenergic agonists
  3. Atomexatine
  4. Risperidone

*** = most important/ discussed in class

28
Q

2 Drugs to treat ANXIETY asstd Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Inattention an Hyperactivity

A
  1. SSRI*** (good for repetitive bx./ rigidity too)
  2. Buspirone (5HT agonist)

*** = most important/ discussed in class

29
Q

When do we medicate disruptive bx in children with ASD?

A

Disruptive bx occurs when their routine is in jeopardy; only medicate if the bx is chronic, i.e. more than 1 x per week and not asstd. with obvious disruption of routine

30
Q

Drugs used to treat disruptive bx in ASD (5)

A
  1. Atypicals
  2. α2 adrenergic agonists
  3. Mood stabilizers
  4. anti epileptics
  5. SSRI
31
Q

Drug treatment of repetitive bx and rigidity in ASD (3)

A
  1. Fluoxetine (SSRI)***
  2. Clomipramine (TCA)
  3. Risperidone

*** = most important/ discussed in class

32
Q

Drug treatment of sleep disturbance in ASD (3)

A
  1. Melatonin/ Ramelton***
  2. Risperidone
  3. SSRI

*** = most important/ discussed in class

33
Q

Atypical antipsychotics used to treat Tourettes + their MOA (2)

A
  1. Fluphenazine
  2. Pimozide
    D2 Antagonism
34
Q

Tetrabenzine:
MOA
Therapeutic use in childhood disorders

A

VMAT2 inhibitor–> increase DA metabolism in cytosol

Tx: Tourettes

35
Q

Which childhood disorder is Botox used to treat?

A

Facial tics in tourettes

36
Q

Desmopressin:
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Caveat?

A
  • Synthetic vasopressin analog; regulates water reabsorption in collecting tubule
  • Administer 1 hr before bed time to treat enuresis in kiddos
  • COSTS MAD MO’ $$$$!
37
Q

Imipramine
MOA
Therapeutic Use
CI

A

TCA
Administer 1 hr before bed time to treat enuresis in kiddos
(Less expensive than desmopressin)
-CI: Hx of CVD in family

38
Q

Describe how Desmopressin and Imipramine are administered to treat enuresis in children

A

Discontinue every two weeks, reassess need. Reassess again at three mos.

39
Q

NT change seen in ADHD?

Main goal of pharmacologic therapy?

A

decreased DA/ NE in orbitofrontal, prefrontal, cingulate gyrus
goal: increase DA/ NE

40
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is commonly comorbid with what condition?
It involves malfunction with what cortical area?

A
  • comorbid w/ ADHD

- limbic system malfunction

41
Q

Large risk assc with lithium use?

A

diabetes insipidus

Neuro-Psych Exam II (11 decks)

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