Khullar - Ch 1 (Intro) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Latitudes bounding India?
A
8 degree 4’ N to 37 degree 6’ N
2
Q
What are the longitudes bounding India
A
68 deg 7’ E to 97 deg 25’ E
3
Q
What is the southernmost point of india
A
Indira Point/ Pygmalion Point, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
4
Q
What is the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India, respectively
A
Both 30 degrees
5
Q
India stands where in terms of size among countries?
A
7th largest
6
Q
What are the oldest mountain range in India
A
Aravallis
7
Q
What are the youngest mountain range in India
A
Himalayas
8
Q
What countries are collectively called the Indian subcontinent?
A
- India
- Pakistan
- Bangladesh
- Nepal
- Bhutan
9
Q
What are the 2 types of frontiers of India?
A
- Land frontier
- Water frontier
10
Q
What are the countries along India’s land frontier?
A
- China
- Afghanistan
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Myanmar
11
Q
What’s India’s longest border?
A
Bangladesh
12
Q
What’s India’s shortest border?
A
Afghanistan
13
Q
What’s the length of Indian land frontier?
A
15,200 km
14
Q
What’s the length of India’s border of China?
A
3,917 km
15
Q
Which states border China?
A
- J&K
- Himachal Pradesh
- Uttarakhand
- Sikkim
- Arunachal Pradesh
16
Q
What policies formed the Chinese border?
A
- Manchu policy
- Chinese Republican Policy
- British Policy
17
Q
What are the Panch Sheel principles?
A
- Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
- Mutual non-aggression
- Mutual non-interference in internal affairs
- Equality and mutual benefit
- Peaceful Co-existence
18
Q
When did Tibet become a part of China?
A
1954
19
Q
How is the Sino-Indian border divided?
A
- Western Sector
- Middle Sector
- Eastern Sector
20
Q
What is the length of Bangladeshi-Indian border?
A
4,096 km
21
Q
What’s the length of Indo-Pak border
A
3,310 km
22
Q
What’s the length of Indo-Nepal border?
A
1,752 km
23
Q
What’s the length of India-Myanmar border
A
1,458 km
24
Q
What’s the length of India-Afghanistan border?
A
80 km
25
What does the Western Sector divide?
Separates J&K from Sinkiang province
26
Which border features Muztaghata Range?
Western sector
27
Which border features Aghil Mountain?
Western sector
28
Which border features Karakoram Pass and Quara Tagh pass
Western sector
29
Which border features Kunlun Range
Western sector
30
Which border separates Gilgit and Sinkiang
Western sector
31
Which border separates Indus and Tarim basins?
Western sector
32
Which passes do Western sector feature
1. Lanak La
2. Kone La
3. Kepsang La
33
Which border features Chemesang river
Western sector
34
Which border features Pergyon Lake
Western sector
35
Which border features Kailash Range
Western Sector
36
Which border separates Indus system from Khotan system
Western sector
37
Which agreements formed the Western Sector?
1. Ladakh Tibet agreement, 1665
2. Ladakh-Tibet agreement, 1686
3. Dogra-Ladakh agreement, 1842
38
What's the geopolitical significance of Aksai Chin?
Disputed region between China and India
| wastelands claimed by China as an ethnic extension of Tibet
39
Which agreements formed the Tibet-Ladakh border?
1. Ladakh Tibet agreement, 1665
2. Ladakh-Tibet agreement, 1686
3. Dogra-Ladakh agreement, 1842
40
What areas do China claim from Ladakh?
1. Aksai Chin district
2. Changmo Valley
3. Pangong Tso
4. Sponggar Tso
5. Additional 5,000 sq km down the entire length of E. Ladakh
41
What's the geopolitical significance of Huza-Gilgit?
Area in North Kashmir (Pakistan controlled Kashmir) which was ceded by Pakistan to China
| even though it technically belongs to India
42
What's the LOC or LOAC?
Line of Control or Line of Actual Control - series of positions occupied by Chinese forces along Sino-Indian border - within Indian territory
43
How much Indian territory does China currently hold?
54,000 sq. Km, of which 37,555 sq. Km is in Ladakh
44
Length of Western Sector
2,152 km
45
What does the Middle Sector divide?
Ladakh from Nepal
46
Length of Middle Sector
625 km
47
States bordering Middle Sector
1. Himachal Pradesh
2. Uttarakhand
48
Which border features Spiti and Para Chu rivers?
Middle Sector
49
Which border features Satluj, Kali, Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers?
Middle Sector
50
Passes on the Middle Sector
1. Shipki La
2. Mana
3. Niti
4. Kungri-Bingri
5. Dharma
6. Lipu Ladakh
51
Which agreements formed the middle sector?
Tibeto-British treaties of 1890 and 1919
52
What does China claim near middle sector
2,000 sq. km area
53
What areas of Indian territory does China claim?
1. Aksai Chin district
2. Changmo Valley
3. Pangong Tso
4. Sponggar Tso
5. Additional 5,000 sq km down the entire length of E. Ladakh
6. 2,000 sq km near Middle Sector
7. Entirety of Arunachal Pradesh - 88,000 sq km
8. Other areas below Eastern Sector up to foot of the Himalayan Range in Brahmaputra Valley
54
Length of Eastern Sector
1,140 km
55
What does Eastern Sector separate?
Tibet and India
56
What's the McMahon Line?
The Eastern Sector section of Sino-Indian border.
57
True or False: The McMahon Line is accepted by both India and China as the international boundary between India and Tibet
False. China doesn't recognize the McMahon line
| China says Tibet had no right to sign the 1913-14 treaty
58
What agreement or policy formed the Eastern Sector?
The Eastern Sector (McMahon line) was formed by agreement between Great Britain and Tibet at Simla in 1913-14.
59
Who negotiated the 1913-14 boundary agreement between Great Britan and Tibet?
Sir Henry McMahon
60
What area near the Eastern Sector does China claim?
1. Areas south of Eastern Sector up to Himalayan foothills in the Brahmaputra valley
2. Entirety of Arunachal Pradesh - 88,000 sq km - has been claimed as "South Tibet"
61
Old name of Arunachal Pradesh
North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA)
62
When did China begin to consolidate its position in Tibet and Ladakh
1950s
63
First Sino-Indian War
October 1962
64
Lessons learned from first Sino-Indian war
1. Myth that Himalayas were an effective defense barrier exploded
2. Effective security measures needed in the Indo-China borderlands
3. Positive response of the West
65
True or False: In 1962, the Chinese pulled back in the Western sector without annexing claimed territories
False
| They pulled back in the Eastern sector, but not in most of Aksai Chin
66
Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement
1993
67
Recognition of Sikkim as part of India
2004
68
69
Chinese geopolitical threats to India
1. China Water Strategy - damming the Brahmaputra
2. Rail and Road projects along border
3. Sea defence in Indian Ocean
