- adverse rxn caused by discontinuation of drug - based on neuroadaptations of brain - release of dynorphin and GABA in nucleus accumbens

- more drug required to produce effect - dose/response shifted to the right

drug taken to alleviate craving/dysphoria - usu psychological in nature - physiological dependence usu present (BUT DOES NOT MEAN ADDICTION)

- mesolimbic dopamine pathway - VTA --> nucleus accumbens (NAc) --> prefrontal cortex - reinforcement/reward - motivation - reinforcing effects of drugs

- Naltrexone - Disulfuram - Acamprosate

- alcohol - sedative hypnotics (barbiturates, benzos) work at GABAa receptor

- heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone - recreation use: euphoria, reduce anxiety - tolerance quickly, physically dependent, severe withdrawal

KG - Pharm 3, Exam 1, Drugs of Abuse Flashcards by Katie Gillies

define: physiological dependence

NEUROADAPTATIONS - abnormal behavior and physical symptoms (withdrawal) occur if drug if withdrawn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: psychological dependence

dysphoria and intense craving following withdrawal of drug

- occurs w/ or w/out physical dependence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: withdrawal

adverse rxn caused by discontinuation of drug
based on neuroadaptations of brain
release of dynorphin and GABA in nucleus accumbens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance

more drug required to produce effect

- dose/response shifted to the right

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, innate

genetic lack of sensitivity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, pharmacokinetic

increased metabolism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, pharmacodynamic

receptor downregulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, learned

adaptation to degree of intoxication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, conditioned

familiar settings diminish effects whereas novel environment enhance effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, acute

when drug used repeatedly over short period of time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: tolerance, cross

one drug produces tolerance to another

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: sensitization

increase of responsiveness after repeated use

- dose/response shifted to the left

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define: addiction

drug taken to alleviate craving/dysphoria

usu psychological in nature
physiological dependence usu present (BUT DOES NOT MEAN ADDICTION)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties of abused drugs?

cause euphoria
easy to use
potent and pure, effect w/ small dose
rapid onset/short action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reward pathway?

mesolimbic dopamine pathway
VTA –> nucleus accumbens (NAc) –> prefrontal cortex
reinforcement/reward
motivation
reinforcing effects of drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alcoholism: tx?

Naltrexone
Disulfuram
Acamprosate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CNS depressants?

alcohol
sedative hypnotics (barbiturates, benzos)
work at GABAa receptor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opioids?

heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone
recreation use: euphoria, reduce anxiety
tolerance quickly, physically dependent, severe withdrawal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

opioids: tx?

Naltrexone

- Methadone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CNS stimulants - ICE/Crystal meth: mao

INCREASES RELEASE OF DA AND NE IN BASAL GANGLIA

- more CNS effects than amphetamine (less peripheral)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ICE/crystal meth: side effects

AMPHETAMINE PSYCHOSIS (delirium)
permanent neurotoxicity to noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons
long-term personality changes
RAPID PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
“craving” in abstinence
CARDIAC TOXICITY (pulm edema, HF)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ICE/crystal meth: withdrawal?

YES - may be severe and last a long time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ICE/crystal meth: adverse effects

Study These Flashcards

weight loss
whiter skin
odor
dilated pupils
dental problems
FORMICATION
seizures
organ damage
stroke
heart attack

cocaine: moa

Study These Flashcards

INHIBITS DA RE-UPTAKE

cocaine: info

- PHYSICAL & INTENSE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE (dysphoria when levels drop) - cravings can be severe

cocaine: side effects

- CNS = alertness, euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity - CARDIAC = tachycardia, HTN, vasoconstriction - bronchodilation, hyperpyrexia, dilated pupils - REDUCTION OVERALL BRAIN ACTIVITY - anxiety, hallucinations, repetitive behaviors - nasal congestions - FORMICATION

cocaine: medical uses?

- local anesthetic | - vasoconstrictor

cocaine: withdrawal?

YES - can be severe

cocaine: overdose

- ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation - stroke/cerebral hemorrhage - seizures

cocaine: tx?

- detox/withdrawal - abstinence - 12-step program - avoid environmental cues - BROMOCRIPTINE (decreases craving)

nicotine: moa

- ACTIVATES NICOTINIC RECEPTORS IN CNS & PERIPHERY | - INCREASES 5-HT & DA RELEASE

nicotine: side effects

- CNS effects = mild euphoria, arousal, appetite suppression | - INTENSE PSYCHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

nicotine: pharmacokinetics

- half life = 30 min - metabolized by CYP450s - INDUCES CYP450s

nicotine: withdrawal?

YES - can last months

nicotine: tx?

BUPROPION - used to treat nicotine craving

MDMA (ecstasy): moa

- increases 5-HT activity by blocking re-uptake and stimulating 5-HT receptors

MDMA (ecstasy): side effects

- feelings of peacefulness, empathy, trust - followed by confusion, depression, anxiety, paranoia - increased BP/HR - HYPERTHERMIA, DEHYDRATION, KIDNEY FAILURE -- can lead to death

MDMA (ecstasy): long term side effects?

- persistent memory loss (neurotoxicity)

marijuana/THC: moa

- TARGETS PRESYNAPTIC CANNABINOID (CB1) RECEPTORS | - INHIBITS NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE (glutamate & ACh)

marijuana/THC: side effects

- state of mild euphoria, altered sense of time, difficulty concentrating, introspection, tranquility - NO PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE (only PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE POSSIBLE)

marijuana/THC: adverse effects

- anxiety, decr memory, impaired cognition - AMOTIVATIONAL SYNDROME - BRONCHIAL IRRITATION, RISK OF CANCER - decreased ovulation/testosterone/sperm production - low birth weight/fetal malformations

LSD/MESCALINE/PSILOCYBIN are also known as ___

hallucinogenics

Hallucinogenics: moa

- ACTS OF 5-HT RECEPTORS IN BRAIN (serotonin system)

hallucinogenics: side effects

- euphoria, hallucinations - altered sense of time & reality - "bad trips", flashbacks - incr BP/HR, flushing, dilated pupils - SYNESTHESIA = one sensory modality assumes characteristics of another (ie: colors can be heard/sounds may be seen)

hallucinogenics: dependence?

NO - DON'T STIMULATE DA PATHWAYS

PCP/Ketamine: moa

NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

GHB: moa

GABA RECEPTOR WEAK AGONIST

PCP/Ketamine/GHB: why developed

- general dissociative anesthetics

PCP/ketamine/GHB: side effects

- "floating" sense - PCP & ketamine = analgesia w/ aggression (beat up a car, break your arm, not feel it at all) - amnesia & personality changes - PCP = psychosis - incr BP, coma w/ non-reactive pupils

PCP-induced psychosis tx?

- ER | - Haloperidol

which drugs are used as "date rape" drugs?

- Ketamine | - GHB

inhalants: moa

unknown

inhalants: side effects

- euphoria | - toxicity in many organs, lesions in white matter

Nitrous oxide: side effects of abuse

- PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY | - overdose can be fatal

amyl & butyl nitrite (poppers/snappers): side effects

- smooth muscle relaxants | - euphoria, light headedness, blurred vision, HA, nausea, hypotension, tachycardia

KG - Pharm 3, Exam 1, Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

(55 cards)