Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KG - pharmacology 3 > KG - Pharm 3, Exam 1, Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

KG - Pharm 3, Exam 1, Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

define: physiological dependence

A

NEUROADAPTATIONS - abnormal behavior and physical symptoms (withdrawal) occur if drug if withdrawn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define: psychological dependence

A
  • dysphoria and intense craving following withdrawal of drug

- occurs w/ or w/out physical dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define: withdrawal

A
  • adverse rxn caused by discontinuation of drug
  • based on neuroadaptations of brain
  • release of dynorphin and GABA in nucleus accumbens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define: tolerance

A
  • more drug required to produce effect

- dose/response shifted to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define: tolerance, innate

A

genetic lack of sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define: tolerance, pharmacokinetic

A

increased metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define: tolerance, pharmacodynamic

A

receptor downregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define: tolerance, learned

A

adaptation to degree of intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define: tolerance, conditioned

A

familiar settings diminish effects whereas novel environment enhance effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define: tolerance, acute

A

when drug used repeatedly over short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define: tolerance, cross

A

one drug produces tolerance to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define: sensitization

A

increase of responsiveness after repeated use

- dose/response shifted to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define: addiction

A

drug taken to alleviate craving/dysphoria

  • usu psychological in nature
  • physiological dependence usu present (BUT DOES NOT MEAN ADDICTION)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

properties of abused drugs?

A
  • cause euphoria
  • easy to use
  • potent and pure, effect w/ small dose
  • rapid onset/short action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reward pathway?

A
  • mesolimbic dopamine pathway
  • VTA –> nucleus accumbens (NAc) –> prefrontal cortex
  • reinforcement/reward
  • motivation
  • reinforcing effects of drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alcoholism: tx?

A
  • Naltrexone
  • Disulfuram
  • Acamprosate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CNS depressants?

A
  • alcohol
  • sedative hypnotics (barbiturates, benzos)
  • work at GABAa receptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Opioids?

A
  • heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone
  • recreation use: euphoria, reduce anxiety
  • tolerance quickly, physically dependent, severe withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

opioids: tx?

A
  • Naltrexone

- Methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CNS stimulants - ICE/Crystal meth: mao

A
  • INCREASES RELEASE OF DA AND NE IN BASAL GANGLIA

- more CNS effects than amphetamine (less peripheral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ICE/crystal meth: side effects

A
  • AMPHETAMINE PSYCHOSIS (delirium)
  • permanent neurotoxicity to noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons
  • long-term personality changes
  • RAPID PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
  • “craving” in abstinence
  • CARDIAC TOXICITY (pulm edema, HF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ICE/crystal meth: withdrawal?

A

YES - may be severe and last a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ICE/crystal meth: adverse effects

A
  • weight loss
  • whiter skin
  • odor
  • dilated pupils
  • dental problems
  • FORMICATION
  • seizures
  • organ damage
  • stroke
  • heart attack
24
Q

cocaine: moa

A

INHIBITS DA RE-UPTAKE

25
Q

cocaine: info

A
  • PHYSICAL & INTENSE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE (dysphoria when levels drop)
  • cravings can be severe
26
Q

cocaine: side effects

A
  • CNS = alertness, euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity
  • CARDIAC = tachycardia, HTN, vasoconstriction
  • bronchodilation, hyperpyrexia, dilated pupils
  • REDUCTION OVERALL BRAIN ACTIVITY
  • anxiety, hallucinations, repetitive behaviors
  • nasal congestions
  • FORMICATION
27
Q

cocaine: medical uses?

A
  • local anesthetic

- vasoconstrictor

28
Q

cocaine: withdrawal?

A

YES - can be severe

29
Q

cocaine: overdose

A
  • ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation
  • stroke/cerebral hemorrhage
  • seizures
30
Q

cocaine: tx?

A
  • detox/withdrawal
  • abstinence
  • 12-step program
  • avoid environmental cues
  • BROMOCRIPTINE (decreases craving)
31
Q

nicotine: moa

A
  • ACTIVATES NICOTINIC RECEPTORS IN CNS & PERIPHERY

- INCREASES 5-HT & DA RELEASE

32
Q

nicotine: side effects

A
  • CNS effects = mild euphoria, arousal, appetite suppression

- INTENSE PSYCHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

33
Q

nicotine: pharmacokinetics

A
  • half life = 30 min
  • metabolized by CYP450s
  • INDUCES CYP450s
34
Q

nicotine: withdrawal?

A

YES - can last months

35
Q

nicotine: tx?

A

BUPROPION - used to treat nicotine craving

36
Q

MDMA (ecstasy): moa

A
  • increases 5-HT activity by blocking re-uptake and stimulating 5-HT receptors
37
Q

MDMA (ecstasy): side effects

A
  • feelings of peacefulness, empathy, trust - followed by confusion, depression, anxiety, paranoia
  • increased BP/HR
  • HYPERTHERMIA, DEHYDRATION, KIDNEY FAILURE – can lead to death
38
Q

MDMA (ecstasy): long term side effects?

A
  • persistent memory loss (neurotoxicity)
39
Q

marijuana/THC: moa

A
  • TARGETS PRESYNAPTIC CANNABINOID (CB1) RECEPTORS

- INHIBITS NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE (glutamate & ACh)

40
Q

marijuana/THC: side effects

A
  • state of mild euphoria, altered sense of time, difficulty concentrating, introspection, tranquility
  • NO PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE (only PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE POSSIBLE)
41
Q

marijuana/THC: adverse effects

A
  • anxiety, decr memory, impaired cognition
  • AMOTIVATIONAL SYNDROME
  • BRONCHIAL IRRITATION, RISK OF CANCER
  • decreased ovulation/testosterone/sperm production
  • low birth weight/fetal malformations
42
Q

LSD/MESCALINE/PSILOCYBIN are also known as ___

A

hallucinogenics

43
Q

Hallucinogenics: moa

A
  • ACTS OF 5-HT RECEPTORS IN BRAIN (serotonin system)
44
Q

hallucinogenics: side effects

A
  • euphoria, hallucinations
  • altered sense of time & reality
  • “bad trips”, flashbacks
  • incr BP/HR, flushing, dilated pupils
  • SYNESTHESIA = one sensory modality assumes characteristics of another (ie: colors can be heard/sounds may be seen)
45
Q

hallucinogenics: dependence?

A

NO - DON’T STIMULATE DA PATHWAYS

46
Q

PCP/Ketamine: moa

A

NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

47
Q

GHB: moa

A

GABA RECEPTOR WEAK AGONIST

48
Q

PCP/Ketamine/GHB: why developed

A
  • general dissociative anesthetics
49
Q

PCP/ketamine/GHB: side effects

A
  • “floating” sense
  • PCP & ketamine = analgesia w/ aggression (beat up a car, break your arm, not feel it at all)
  • amnesia & personality changes
  • PCP = psychosis
  • incr BP, coma w/ non-reactive pupils
50
Q

PCP-induced psychosis tx?

A
  • ER

- Haloperidol

51
Q

which drugs are used as “date rape” drugs?

A
  • Ketamine

- GHB

52
Q

inhalants: moa

A

unknown

53
Q

inhalants: side effects

A
  • euphoria

- toxicity in many organs, lesions in white matter

54
Q

Nitrous oxide: side effects of abuse

A
  • PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

- overdose can be fatal

55
Q

amyl & butyl nitrite (poppers/snappers): side effects

A
  • smooth muscle relaxants

- euphoria, light headedness, blurred vision, HA, nausea, hypotension, tachycardia

KG - pharmacology 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions