Keywords unit 2 & 3

Question 1

Polis

Answer 1

A Greek city-state (plural is poleis)

Question 2

Hellas

Answer 2

Collection of Greek speaking poleis, but not one single country like modern Greece is today.

Question 3

Colonies

Answer 3

New cities that acted on their own, but felt a link with their home polis. Most Greek colonies started overseas.

Question 4

Indirect democracy

Answer 4

System of government where citizens vote on people who vote on laws.

Question 5

Direct democracy

Answer 5

System of government where all citizens gather and vote on laws.

Question 6

Aristocracy

Answer 6

System of government in which the ‘best’ rulers were elected.

Question 7

Metics

Answer 7

Citizens of another polis.

Question 8

Assembly

Answer 8

Gathering all the citizens to decide on laws and such.

Question 9

Strategoi

Answer 9

Generals, they were elected , not assigned by lot, even in Athens.

Question 10

Homonoi

Answer 10

The Greek word for ‘equals’, meaning they had the same rights.

Question 11

Agora

Answer 11

The main marketplace in a polis.

Question 12

Acropolis

Answer 12

A polis inner keep, where the main temple is and the polis keep its gold.

Question 13

Philosophers

Answer 13

Professional thinkers, very skilled in political debates and political speaking.

Question 14

Tragedy

Answer 14

Theatre play about the gods and how they influenced human lives; normally it did not end well for people.

Question 15

Comedy

Answer 15

Theatre play that ridicules politics or philosophy.

Question 16

Hoplites

Answer 16

Greek citizen-soldiers with bronze armour, shield and spear.

Question 17

Phalanx

Answer 17

Hoplite shield wall formation.

Question 18

Illiad

Answer 18

Epic by Homer about the Trojan war.

Question 19

Panhellenic Games

Answer 19

Four games, one held per year, in which the best athletes of all Greece (hellas) completed. One was the Olympic Games.

Question 20

Olympic Games

Answer 20

Panhellenic Games held in honour of Zeus, at Olympia. there is a modern vision too.

Question 21

Legacy

Answer 21

Something that is left from the past to a later time.

Question 22

Mesopotamia

Answer 22

Fertile area in the middle east; Greek for ‘land between rivers’.

Question 23

Silt

Answer 23

Soil that carried by running water, such as rivers. It can make ground fertile.

Question 24

Irrigation

Answer 24

Artificial way to spread water across farmland to make it fertile.

Question 25

Agricultural surplus

Answer 25

When farmers produce more food than they can eat.

Question 26

Craft

Answer 26

The skill of making things by hand.

Question 27

Bartering

Answer 27

Exchanging goods or services in exchange for other goods or services.

Question 28

Cities

Answer 28

Large towns.

Question 29

Agricultural urban society

Answer 29

Society in which the majority of people live as farmers, while the minority live in cities.

Question 30

Civilisation

Answer 30

A highly developed society.

Question 31

Sumerian

Answer 31

Relating to Sumer, an ancient region of what is now Iraq.

Question 32

Cuneiform

Answer 32

Sumerian way of writing with symbols and lines.

Question 33

Hieroglyphs

Answer 33

Egyptian form of writing in which drawings are used instead of letters.

Question 34

Papyrus

Answer 34

A plant; the stems of this plant were used to write on.

Question 35

Rosetta stone

Answer 35

Tablet which was used to decipher Egyptian writing.

Question 36

Scribe

Answer 36

Someone who writes down laws and taxes for the government.

Question 37

Civil servants

Answer 37

People who work for the government.

Question 38

Taxes

Answer 38

Money or goods that people must pay to the king or government.

Question 39

Lingua franca

Answer 39

Language used by different peoples along with their own language, to communicate in trade and diplomacy.

Question 40

Delta

Answer 40

When a river flows into the sea, it spreads into smaller rivers and forms islands and wetlands.

Question 41

Lower Egypt

Answer 41

The northern part of Egypt (the swamy delta)

Question 42

Upper Egypt

Answer 42

The southern part of Egypt; this area is called ‘upper’ because the land is higher.

Question 43

Dynasty

Answer 43

Line of rulers from the same family

Question 44

Subjects

Answer 44

People who live in a country ruled by a king.

Question 45

Social pyramid

Answer 45

A way to show differences in power, wealth and influence of people within a country.

Question 46

Polytheistic

Answer 46

religion based on multiple gods.

Question 47

Monotheistic

Answer 47

Religion based on one god.

Question 48

Mummified

Answer 48

When a body is preserved after death; the Egyptians did this on purpose.

Question 49

Sarcophagus

Answer 49

Coffin in the shape of the dead person.

Question 50

Book of the dead

Answer 50

Bundle of texts that were given to Egyptians when they died; it was used to help them in the afterlife.

Question 51

Pyramids

Answer 51

Large stone structures, built to help dead people reach the afterlife.

Question 52

Valley of the kings

Answer 52

Series of tombs that are cut out of the mountains as graves for pharaohs.

Question 53

Tutankhamun

Answer 53

A pharaoh that became famous after his grave was discovered in perfect order.