Keywords Quiz 1

Question 1

Theory of Mind

Answer 1

The ability to understand the beliefs and experiences of others and that those experiences differ from your own

Question 2

What involves the acquisition and the use of morphology, phonology, syntax, and semantics

Answer 2

Linguistic Competence

Question 3

positive or negative reinforcement

Answer 3

Operant Conditioning

Question 4

What does the term “Restricted Meaning” mean?

Answer 4

The term “restricted meaning” is when a younger child has a restricted idea of a word’s meaning

Question 5

Language

Answer 5

A system of arbitrary symbols that is rule-based, dynamic, generative, and used as a social tool in communication

Question 6

what is overextension?

Answer 6

young children frequently use perceptional characteristics to extend meaning beyond that entity

Question 7

Form

Answer 7

syntax, morphology, and phonology

Question 8

Executive function

Answer 8

Involves the cognitive abilities used to control and to coordinate information for planning goals, controlling responses, shifting between tasks, and keeping information inside the mind for guiding future actions

Question 9

Content

Answer 9

semantics

Question 10

Schema

Answer 10

Allow children to understand the meaning of things in their environment

Question 11

Use

Answer 11

pragmatics

Question 12

Chaining

Answer 12

Syntax develops when children learn to produce longer sentences

Question 13

What are paralinguistic cues?

Answer 13

They are the nonverbal cues that accompany spoken language. These cues can include affect (facial expressions), gestures (head nods, etc), body posture, proximity (distance between speaker and listener), word stress, speech rate, intonation, and pauses during speech.

Question 14

ZPG

Answer 14

Zone of Proximal development to describe the distance between:

• A child actual developmental level and his or her potential development
• The zone of proximal development is the distance between what children can do by themselves (retrospective) and the concepts or skills they can learn with assistance from adults or children with more advanced lg skils (prospective)

Question 14

What is the LAD (Language Acquisition Device)?

Answer 14

Innate structure in the human brain that is prewired to provide children with the capacity to learn language, introduced by Chomsky in the Principals and Parameters Theory.

Question 15

Retrospective Mental Development

Answer 15

The zone of proximal development and the distance between what children can do by themselves

Question 16

Communicative Competence

Answer 16

describes a speakers ability to produce a clear and understandable message

Question 17

Prosody

Answer 17

Use of methods (length, loudness, pitch) to communicate different attitudes

Question 18

Scaffold

Answer 18

add new information to a child’s utterance while preserving the child’s meaning

Question 19

Speech act

Answer 19

A semantic and pragmatic unit that label’s a speaker’s intent or meaning; it frequently has an effect or resulted action i.e. statement, command, request, promise

Question 20

Morphology

Answer 20

How words and smaller units can be combined to form other words

Question 21

Emergentism

Answer 21

Children need time and repetition to recognize the patterns of word use in different contexts. Language development result from the effects of social, pragmatic and cognitive factors over time

Question 22

grapheme

Answer 22

smallest functional unit of a writing system

Question 23

Syntax

Answer 23

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 24

Underextension

Answer 24

A child having a very limited view of what a word means, having a limited representation of an entity or thing.

Question 25

Encoding

Answer 25

The transmitting of information from the speaker

Question 26

parameters

Answer 26

language-specific rules that apply to syntactic rules for different languages

Question 27

Understanding a speaker’s goal and meaning associated with a specific linguistic form

Answer 27

Intentional reading

Question 28

Cognitive theory

Answer 28

Piaget; based on the idea that language acquisition and cognition are connected and puts a greater emphasis on mental or internal factors

Question 29

sensitivity to regularities in
the language that they hear in the
environment

Answer 29

Pattern finding

Question 30

cultural competence

Answer 30

the ability for individuals to engage with various cultures

Question 31

conceptual knowledge

Answer 31

what a child knows and understands about ideas, entities (including people, animals, things) and actions in their surrounding environments.

Question 32

Semantics

Answer 32

Describes how meaning is conveyed through the use of words and sentences

Question 33

Morphophonology

Answer 33

Certain phonemes change because of the effect of one sound on another

Question 34

Schema

Answer 34

A mental representation of a child’s experiences in the environment, allowing the child to develop the word or words to describe these experiences and are stored in memory for future events

Question 35

social interaction theory

Answer 35

based on the hypothesis that children’s language acquisition emerges through interactions with others and personal experiences with language

Question 36

social interaction theory

Answer 36

language results from the social interaction in play, games and conversations. When children are interested in the topic, language development results

Question 37

Behavioral Theory

Answer 37

children’s language can be developed through positive and negative reinforcement of their utterances by adults or older children