Keywords - nucleic acids

Question 1

Nucleic acids

Answer 1

group of most important molecules - DNA + RNA

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Individual sub-units made from nucleic acids. Made of a pentose sugar, phosphate group and an organic base

Question 3

Organic base

Answer 3

Nitrogen containing base on a nucleotide. Can be Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine or Adenine

Question 4

Phosphate group

Answer 4

Region on a nucleotide that contains phosphorus

Question 5

Mononucleotide

Answer 5

Single nucleotide

Question 6

Dinucleotide

Answer 6

2 nucleotides joined together by condensation reaction -> phosphodiester bond formed between sugar and phosphate of different nucleotides

Question 7

Polynucleotide

Answer 7

Long chain of nucleotides formed by continuation of nucleotides and phosphodiester bonds from condensation reactions eg. DNA, RNA

Question 8

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 8

Bond formed between sugar of one nucleotide and phosphate group of another as a result of a condensation reaction

Question 9

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 9

Single, relatively short polynucleotide chain where sugar is always ribose. Organic bases are: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

Question 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 10

Structure discovered by Watson and Crick 1953. 2 adjacent very long strands of nucleotides, joined by hydrogen bonds between complimentary organic bases. Organic bases are: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.

Question 11

Complimentary organic bases

Answer 11

In DNA, 2 long strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases. Adenine pairs w/ Thymine. Cytosine pairs w/ Guanine