Keywords (No Topic Separation) Flashcards
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Activation Energy
The minimum energy needed for a successful collision.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Aqueous
Dissolved in water.
Kinetic - Vocabulary
Catalyst
A substance that causes the rate of a chemical reaction to increase by providing an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Chemical Kinetics
The study of the rates of chemical reactions.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Collision Theory
Theory that describes how chemical reactions occur through molecular collisions and why reaction rates vary between reactions.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Concentration
A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution (usually measured in moldm^-3 and shown by [X]).
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Enzyme
A biological molecule that catalyzes a biological reaction.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Excess
Preventing a substance from becoming a limiting reagent by deliberately adding too much of it so that there is some regent remaining unreacted.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Intermediate
A species that is produced in one step and consumed in another step of a chemical reaction.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Maxwell-Boltzmann Curve (or Distribution)
A graph that shows the number of molecules and their energies at a specific temperature.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Molarity
The number of moles of solute dissolved per dm^3 of solution; also known as molar concentration.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Molecule
A group of atoms chemically joined together.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Rate of Reaction
Change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Reaction Mechanism
A series of reaction steps that convert reactants into products in a chemical reaction.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Solute
One or more substances dissolved in a solution.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Solvent
The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Solution
A uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases dissolved in a liquid.
Kinetics - Vocabulary
Species
Any set of chemically identical substances.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Aliphatic
Organic compounds containing C chains and branches.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Aromatic
Organic compounds containing one or more benzene ring(s).
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Cyclic
Organic compounds containing C rings (not aromatic rings) also called alicyclic
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Functional Group
The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Homologous Series
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH_2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Hydrocarbon
Molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Organic Chemistry
Study of compounds containing carbon.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Saturated
Molecule containing no double bonds.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Stereoisomers
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangements of atoms.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Sub-Set: Geometric Isomers
Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which have different arrangement of groups around C=C.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Structural Isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Sub-Set: Chain Isomers
Type of Structural Isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chains.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Sub-Set: Position Isomers
Type of Structural Isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having the functional group in a different position.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Sub-Set: Functional Group Isomers
Type of Structural Isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Vocabulary
Unsaturated
Molecule containing double bond(s).
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
Molecular Formula
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule.
E.g. Butane: C_4H_10
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
Empirical Formula
Formula that gives the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
E.g. Butane: C_2H_5
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
General Formula
This shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance which has ānā carbon atoms. All the molecules in a homologous series have the same general formula.
E.g. Butane: C_nH_(2n+2)
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
Structural Formula
This shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule.
E.g. Butane: CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
Displayed Formula
This shows all the bonds and atoms in a molecule.
H H H H E.g. Butane: H - C - C - C - C - H
H H H H
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Types of Formula Vocabulary
Skeletal Formula
This uses lines to represent bonds. Each point represents a C atom. H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not usually shown (unless part of a functional group, e.g. alcohol, aldehyde). Other atoms (e.g. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S) are shown.
E.g. Butane: /\/
