Keywords/Formal Logic Flashcards

1
Q

If

A

Sufficient

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2
Q

All

A

Sufficient

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3
Q

Any

A

Sufficient

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4
Q

Every

A

Sufficient

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5
Q

Each

A

Sufficient

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6
Q

When

A

Sufficient

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7
Q

Whenever

A

Sufficient

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8
Q

The Only

A

Sufficient

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9
Q

Then

A

Necessary

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10
Q

Requires

A

Necessary

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11
Q

Guarantees

A

Necessary

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12
Q

Must

A

Necessary

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13
Q

Necessary

A

Necessary

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14
Q

Bound to lead to

A

Necessary

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15
Q

Are destined to

A

Necessary

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16
Q

Only If

A

Necessary

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17
Q

Results in

A

Necessary

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18
Q

Produces

A

Necessary

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19
Q

Sure to

A

Necessary

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20
Q

Always

A

Necessary

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21
Q

Unless

A

Necessary

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22
Q

Depends on

A

Necessary

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23
Q

Without

A

Necessary

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24
Q

No

A

mutually exclusive

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25
Q

Incapable

A

mutually exclusive

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26
Q

Cannot

A

mutually exclusive

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27
Q

None

A

mutually exclusive

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28
Q

Niether…nor

A

mutually exclusive

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29
Q

Never

A

mutually exclusive

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30
Q

Therefore

A

Conclusion

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31
Q

Thus

A

Conclusion

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32
Q

It is Clear

A

Conclusion

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33
Q

It follows that

A

Conclusion

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34
Q

That is why

A

Conclusion

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35
Q

So

A

Conclusion

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36
Q

Consequently

A

Conclusion

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37
Q

Obviously

A

Conclusion

38
Q

Hence

A

Conclusion

39
Q

As a Result

A

Conclusion

40
Q

This Proves that

A

Conclusion

41
Q

Studies suggest

A

Conclusion

42
Q

This Shows

A

Conclusion

43
Q

Clearly

A

Conclusion

44
Q

Because

A

Evidence

45
Q

Since

A

Evidence

46
Q

For

A

Evidence

47
Q

From the Fact that

A

Evidence

48
Q

It is Clear From

A

Evidence

49
Q

Some

A

1-100

50
Q

Few

A

1-100

51
Q

Many

A

1-100

52
Q

Most

A

51-100

53
Q

All

A

100

54
Q

Negation of Can Be

A

cannot beq

55
Q

Negation of Must be

A

Need not be

56
Q

Negation of Fewer

A

More than/equal

57
Q

Negation of More

A

Less than/Equal

58
Q

Negation None

A

Some

59
Q

Negation All

A

Not all

60
Q

X only if

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

61
Q

Y only if X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

62
Q

Only X are Y

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

63
Q

Only Y are X

A

X—->Y

~Y—->~X

64
Q

It’s not X without Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

65
Q

There’s no Y without X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

66
Q

It isn’t Y unless it’s X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

67
Q

There’s no X unless there’s Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

68
Q

X are never Y

A

X—>~Y

Y—>~X

69
Q

It can’t be both Y and X

A

X—>~Y

Y—>~X

70
Q

Y needs X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

71
Q

X is dependent on Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

72
Q

Y Can’t exist with no X

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

73
Q

X ensures Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

74
Q

X follows from Y

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

75
Q

Y happens whenever X happens

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

76
Q

X is guaranteed by Y

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

77
Q

Y is guaranteed by X

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

78
Q

X must be Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

79
Q

Y must be X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

80
Q

Y happens if X does

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

81
Q

X never happens except when Y does

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

82
Q

Not Y except when X

A

Y—->X

~X—->~Y

83
Q

X precludes Y

A

X —-> Y

~Y —->~X

84
Q

Y Prevents X

A

Y —>~X

X—>~Y

85
Q

Y can’t be where X is

A

X—->~Y

Y—->~X

86
Q

At least X or Y must happen

A

~X—->Y

~Y—->X

87
Q

Y happens unless X

A

~Y—->X

~X—->Y

88
Q

X happens until Y happens

A

~X—->Y

~Y—->X

89
Q

without X you need Y

A

~X—->Y

~Y—->X

90
Q

X necessitates Y

A

X—->Y

~Y—->~X