Keywords Flashcards
Input –
sensory information we receive from our environment.
Storage –
the retention of information in our memory system.
Encoding –
turning sensory information into a form that can be used and stored by the brain
Acoustic encoding
the process of storing sound in our memory system.
Visual encoding –
the process of storing something that has been seen in our memory system.
Semantic encoding – .
the process of storing the meaning of information in our memory system, rather than the sound of a word.
Output –
the information we recall, output can refer to a behavioural response.
Retrieval –
the recall of stored memories
Short-term memory –
our initial memory store that is temporary and limited.
Long-term memory –
a memory store that holds potentially limitless amounts of information for up to a lifetime.
Duration –
the length of time information can be stored in STM and LTM.
Capacity –
the amount of information that can be stored in STM and LTM.
Rehearse –
when we repeat information over and over again to make it stick.
Displacement –
when the STM becomes full and new information pushes out older information.
Amnesia
– memory loss, often through accident, disease or injury.
Interference –
when new information overwrites older information.
Anterograde amnesia –.
a memory condition that means new long-term memories cannot be made
Retrograde amnesia –
a memory condition that affects recall of memories prior to an injury to the brain.
Schema –
a packet of knowledge about an event, person or place that influences how we perceive and remember.
Active reconstruction –
memory is not an exact copy of what we experienced, but an interpretation or reconstruction of events that are influences by our schema when we remember them again.
Omission –
when we leave out unfamiliar, irrelevant or unpleasant details when remembering something.
Transformation –
when detaisl are changed to make them more familiar and rational.
Familiarisation –
when unfamiliar details are changes to align with our own schema.
Rationalisation -
when we add details into our recall to give a reason for something that may have not originally fitted with the schema.
Sensory register –
our immediate memory of sensory information
Primacy –
the tendency to recall words at the beginning of a list when asked to remember it.
Recency –
the tendency to recall words at the end of a list when asked to remember it.
Serial reproduction –
a technique where participants retell something to another participant to form a chain
Repeated reproduction –
a technique where participants are asked to recall something again and again.
Reductionism –
the theory of explaining something according to its basic constituent parts.
Holism –
the theory of explaining something as a whole.
