Keywords Flashcards
What is a forebrain
the anterior part of the brain, including the hemispheres and the central brain structures.
What is midbrain
the middle section of the brain forming part of the central nervous system.
What is Hindbrain
the lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum
an area of the brain near to the brainstem that controls motor movements (muscle activity).
Medulla oblongata
connects the upper brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic responses.
Involuntary response
a response to a stimulus that occurs without someone making a conscious choice. They are automatic such as reflexes.
Neural connection
links formed by messages passing from one nerve cell neuron) to another.
Object permanence
knowing something exists even if it is out of sight.
Symbolic play
children play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas.
Egocentrism
– unable to see the world from any other viewpoint but one’s own.
Animism –
believing that objects that are not alive can behave as if they are alive.
Centration –
focusing on one feature of the situation and ignoring other relevant features.
Irreversibility –
not understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state.
Morality –
general principles about what is right and wrong, including good and bad behaviour.
Schema
mental representation of the world based on one’s own experiences.
Adaption
– using assimilation and accommodation to make sense of the world.
Assimilation –
incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.
Accommodation -
when a schema has to be changed to deal with a new experience.
Equilibrium –
when a child’s schemas can explain all that they experience; a state of mental balance.
Mindset –
a set of beliefs someone has that guides how someone responds to or interprets a situation.
Growth mindset –
believing practice and effort can improve your abilities.
Working memory
– has different parts for processing information coming from our senses.
Decentration
being able to separate yourself from the world and take different views of a situation, so not being egocentric.
Person praise
– someone praises the individual rather than what they are doing.
Process praise –
someone praises what is being done, not the individual.
Entity theory/motivational framework –
a belief that behaviour or ability results from a person’s nature.
Incremental theory/motivational framework –
a belief that effort drives behaviour and ability, which can change.
Morals –
standards of right and wrong behaviour that can differ between cultures and can depend on the situation.
Heteronomous –
rules put into place by others.
Autonomous –
rules can be decided by the individual person.
