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English Language A Level (AQA) > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Graphology

A

The visual aspects of textual design and appearance

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2
Q

Backchannelling

A

Remarks such as ‘really?’ or interested noises to show that a listener is engaged in what is being said

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3
Q

Interactivity

A

Usage of language in response to what other people have communicated or to the ways in which they have communicated

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4
Q

Utterance

A

Actual words or sounds spoken

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5
Q

Context

A

Situation into which a communication is delivered

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6
Q

Convention

A

Accepted ways of doing things

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7
Q

Formal

A

Sophisticated, using more complex vocabulary and avoiding slang

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8
Q

Spontaneous

A

Unplanned, random

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9
Q

Agenda

A

What language users want to get out of a situation

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10
Q

Topic Management

A

Way in which the subject of the conversation is discussed

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11
Q

Computer mediated communication

A

Communication which happens through the medium of a computer

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12
Q

Mode

A

Extent to which words are written or spoken and their relationship to other features of communication such as images or paralinguistic features

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13
Q

Mixed mode

A

Mixture of written and spoken modes

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14
Q

Genre

A

Literary or television/film/radio category

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15
Q

Discourse

A

Language that is particular to one job or occupation

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16
Q

Paralinguistic features

A

Body language

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17
Q

Phatic communication

A

Small talk whose aim is simply to be polite and friendly

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18
Q

Transactional

A

With the aim of getting things done

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19
Q

Jargon

A

Specific technical vocabulary

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20
Q

Exclusive

A

Shutting out people who don’t understand

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21
Q

The visual aspects of textual design and appearance

A

Graphology

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22
Q

Remarks such as ‘really?’ or interested noises to show that a listener is engaged in what is being said

A

Backchannelling

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23
Q

Usage of language in response to what other people have communicated or to the ways in which they have communicated

A

Interactivity

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24
Q

Actual words or sounds spoken

A

Utterance

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25
Q

Situation into which a communication is delivered

A

Context

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26
Q

Accepted ways of doing things

A

Convention

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27
Q

Sophisticated, using more complex vocabulary and avoiding slang

A

Formal

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28
Q

Unplanned, random

A

Spontaneous

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29
Q

What language users want to get out of a situation

A

Agenda

30
Q

Way in which the subject of the conversation is discussed

A

Topic management

31
Q

Communication which happens through the medium of a computer

A

Computer mediated conversation

32
Q

Extent to which words are written or spoken and their relationship to other features of communication such as images or paralinguistic features

A

Mode

33
Q

Mixture of written and spoken modes

A

Mixed mode

34
Q

Literary or television/film/radio category

A

Genre

35
Q

Language that is particular to one job or occupation

A

Discourse

36
Q

Body language

A

Paralinguistic features

37
Q

Small talk whose aim is simply to be polite and friendly

A

Phatic communication

38
Q

With the aim of getting things done

A

Transactional

39
Q

Specific technical vocabulary

A

Jargon

40
Q

Shutting out people who don’t understand

A

Exclusive

41
Q

Examples of different contexts which change the way we respond to spoken utterance or written expression

A
  1. identity of the person we are responding to

2. The setting at the exact moment in time - historical, geographical, social etc.

42
Q

Examples of different identities a person can take (not exclusive)

A
  1. age
  2. gender
  3. sexual orientation
  4. work background
  5. educational background
  6. socio-economic class
  7. social conventions (e.g. manners)
  8. member of any specific group
  9. religious or political opinions
  10. national or regional origin
  11. interests or enthusiasms
43
Q

Examples of different settings which can change context of an exchange

A
  1. relationship between to the communicators
  2. location and time - is it live? is it formal?
  3. spontaneity
  4. how familiar the individuals are with the content of the communication
  5. agenda of the users
  6. the medium of communication: typed, spoken, written… computerized or not? laptop or phone?
  7. the genre or job/occupation of the participants
  8. the health of the participants
44
Q

“Really?!” “You’re kidding” “mmhm” are examples of what type of communication?

A

Backchannelling

45
Q

Audience

A

The people or person hearing or reading the words, even if they are not intended to

46
Q

Register

A

Level of formality adopted when speaking or writing to people

47
Q

Overt prestige

A

A high level of respect spoken between a group of people. Usually highly educated people.

48
Q

Non-standard communication

A

Generally thought of as grammatically incorrect. Slang.

49
Q

Covert prestige

A

Respect that is given to language that is non-standard.

50
Q

Inclusive communication

A

Words or phrases that only a few people ‘in the know’ would understand. Not jargon because it isn’t specific to a topic or subject, but instead a group of people.

51
Q

Purpose

A

The reason your language is used

52
Q

Primary purpose

A

The principle or most obvious purpose

53
Q

Secondary purpose

A

The secondary or unintentional purpose

54
Q

Problem-solution structure

A

Structure where a situation is outlined and then solution is suggested

55
Q

Rhetorical device

A

Technique used to evoke an emotional response

56
Q

Metaphore

A

Implicit identification of one thing or idea with another in order to dd shades of meaning

57
Q

Irony

A

Humorous device which expresses an idea in a way which makes it seem opposite in meaning

58
Q

Pun

A

Play on words which uses words which sounds the same but have different meanings

59
Q

Improvise

A

Make up on the spot

60
Q

Edited

A

Changed to make shorter, more appropriate, better grammar etc.

61
Q

Synchronous communication

A

Communication that flows in synchrony, face to face.

62
Q

Diachronic communication

A

Communication that happens over time.

63
Q

Ephemeral communication

A

Communication which is short-lived. e.g. a note on the desk informing a colleague where something was left.

64
Q

Metalanguage

A

Language about language

65
Q

hegemony

A

How one social group can use language to get other people to accept its way of seeing the world as natural

66
Q

Pejorative term

A

A judgmental term that usually implies disapproval or criticism

67
Q

Discourse event

A

An act of communication at a specific time and location involving writers/speakers and readers/listeners.

68
Q

Discourse Community

A

A group of people with shared interests and belief systems who are likely to respond to texts in similar ways

69
Q

In the oppositional view of speech and writing, what are the opposing views? (9)

A

Writing/Speech:

  1. objective/interpersonal
  2. monologue/dialogue
  3. durable/ephemeral
  4. planned/sponatenous
  5. highlystructured/loosely structured
  6. concerned with past and future/concerned with the present
  7. formal/informal
  8. decontextualized/contextualised
  9. grammatically complex/gramatically simple
70
Q

Blended-mode of speech and writing

A

a text/speech which contains conventional modes of both speech and writing. Found somewhere on the continuum.

71
Q

Modes of speech and writing

A

The oppositional view
blended mode
the prototype model

English Language A Level (AQA) (1 decks)

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